https://www.banglajol.info/index.php/IMCJ/issue/feedIbrahim Medical College Journal2016-07-22T04:56:52+00:00Md. Abu Sayeedsayeed@imc.ac.bdOpen Journal Systems<p>The name of the Ibrahim Medical College Journal was changed to <a title="IMCJMS" href="/index.php/IMCJMS/index" target="_blank"><strong>IMC Journal of Medical Science</strong></a> by the Editorial Board effective January 2016. All new issues from Vol.10(1) 2016 can be found on the IMC Journal of Medical Sciences own <a href="http://www.imcjms.com/registration/journal_archieves">website</a> or on BanglaJOL on the <a href="/index.php/IMCJMS/index">IMCJMS page</a>. No new content will be added to the Ibrahim Medical College Journal.</p>https://www.banglajol.info/index.php/IMCJ/article/view/28851Non-fatal drowning in under-five rural children of Bangladesh2016-07-22T04:56:47+00:00Syed Hassan Abdullahauthorinquiry@inasp.infoMeerjady Sabrina Floraauthorinquiry@inasp.info<p>Drowning has been identified as a major cause of death in children in both developed and developing countries. Non-fatal drowning is several times higher than the fatal drowning. To describe the socio-demographic and environmental attributes of non-fatal drowning in rural children this community based descriptive study was conducted on 122 children having non-fatal drowning events within one year of study period. This study was undertaken in Raigonj sub-district of Sirajgonj district in Bangladesh. Mothers of those children were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Out of all participants 56.6% children were 2-4 years of age and male-female ratio was almost equal. Of the total respondent mothers 55% were illiterate and 41.8% were below the age of 25 years. Seasonal variation was observed in non-fatal drowning. Rainy season (50.8%) appeared as the most risky period followed by summer (29.5%). Higher incidence occurred (53.3%) between 10 am to 2 pm of the day. Although most of the drowning occurred outside the home, 9% drowning occurred in water container (like drum, tub) within the home. Pond (50.5%) was found as the most common place among open water source. During the occurrence, 23% child was not accompanied by parents or any caregivers. At the time of drowning, 47.5% mothers were engaged with usual household work and were not present at the place of occurrence whereas 13% mothers were present around the place of occurance. Before drowning, 45.1% victim was either playing, bathing or swimming in the water. Only 10.7% needed resuscitation, 25% were taken to health centre and reached the health centre within an hour, about a fifth (22.6%) of them were admitted. Restriction in dangerous water activities, strengthening supervision of children might decrease the incidence of drowning while quick and effective medical response might prevent its fatal consequences.</p><p>Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2015; 9(2): 37-41</p>2016-07-21T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2016 Ibrahim Medical College Journalhttps://www.banglajol.info/index.php/IMCJ/article/view/28852Use of antibiotics in selected tertiary and primary level health care centers of Bangladesh2016-07-22T04:56:49+00:00Abdullah Akhtar Ahmedjahaq54@yahoo.comMd Shariful Alam Jilanijahaq54@yahoo.comOsul Ahmed Chowdhuryjahaq54@yahoo.comKM Shahidul Islamjahaq54@yahoo.comMd Akram Hossianjahaq54@yahoo.comMd Jahangir Alamjahaq54@yahoo.comMd Abdullah Siddiquejahaq54@yahoo.comLovely Baraijahaq54@yahoo.comFahmida Rahmanjahaq54@yahoo.comJ Ashraful Haqjahaq54@yahoo.com<p>A cross sectional study was conducted in inpatient department of seven primary level hospitals care centers (PLHCs) and six tertiary level hospitals (TLHs) of the country. Total 2058 hospitalized patients were interviewed over a six month period from October 2012. Most of the patients (85.9% in TLH and 100% in PLH) were prescribed with antibiotics at the time of admission. Only 6.4% patients of TLHs treated with antibiotic had culture proven infection and rest of the patient of TLH and all the patients of PLH were treated with antibiotic empirically. Top prescribed antibiotic was ceftriaxone (39.64% in TLH, 59.64% in PLH). Parenteral route of antibiotic administration was preferred for both at TLHs and PLHCs (63.3% and 76.9%). The results of the present study indicated that antibiotics were widely and inappropriately used without following standard guidelines or based on any rationality. This is an alarming situation, and needs to be addressed by the relevant authority to save the people from growing antibiotic resistance.</p><p>Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2015; 9(2): 42-44</p>2016-07-21T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2016 Ibrahim Medical College Journalhttps://www.banglajol.info/index.php/IMCJ/article/view/28853Detection of OXA-181/OXA-48 carbapenemase producing Enterobacteriaceae in Bangladesh2016-07-22T04:56:50+00:00Rehana Khatunrehana_lipy@yahoo.comSM Shamsuzzamanrehana_lipy@yahoo.com<p>Carbapenem resistant <em>Enterobacteriaceae </em>(CRE) is becoming a major public health concern globally. Detection of carbapenem hydrolyzing enzyme carbapenemase in <em>Enterobacteriaceae </em>is important to institute appropriate therapy and to initiate preventive measures. This study was designed to determine the presence of carbapenemase producers among the CRE isolated from patients at Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh. Twenty-nine CRE strains detected by disk diffusion technique were included in the study. Minimum inhibitory concentration of imipenem and tigecycline was determined by agar dilution method. Carbapenemase production was phenotypically detected by Modified Hodge test while MBL producers were detected by combined disk and double disk synergy tests. Genes encoding <em>bla</em>NDM-1, <em>bla</em>OXA-181, <em>bla</em>OXA-48, <em>bla</em>KPC, <em>bla</em>CTX-M-15, <em>bla</em>OXA-1-group were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Out of 29 CRE, nineteen (65.6%) were positive for carbapenemase by any of the three phenotypic tests namely MHT, CD or DD tests. Those 19 isolates were also positive either for <em>bla</em>NDM-1 or <em>bla</em>OXA-181/<em>bla</em>OXA-48 by PCR. Of the 19 PCR positive isolates, the rate of positivity for <em>bla</em>NDM- 1, <em>bla</em>OXA-181/<em>bla</em>OXA-48 and <em>bla</em>NDM-1+ <em>bla</em>OXA-181/<em>bla</em>OXA-48 was 73.7% (14/19), 57.9% (11/19) and 31.6% (6/19) respectively. Both <em>bla</em>OXA-181 and <em>bla</em>OXA-48 co-existed. All the carbapenemase producing organisms harboured <em>bla</em>CTX-M-15 except one <em>C. freundii </em>strain. The rate of resistance to different classes of antibiotics ranged from 63.2% to 100% except colistin and tigecycline. Organisms positive for OXA-181/OXA-48 had a low level of resistance to carbapenem (MIC 1 - 4 ì g/ml) while with NDM-1 had high level resistance to imipenem (MICs 16 - ? 32 ì g/ ml). Out of 19 carbapenemase positive isolates, 12 (63.16%) were extensively drug-resistant (XDR) and were only sensitive to tigecycline and colistin. The result of this study showed the presence of <em>bla</em>OXA-181/ <em>bla</em>OXA-48, <em>bla</em>NDM-1 positive strains in Bangladesh and colistin and tigecycline were the most effective drugs against carbapenemase producing <em>Enterobacteriaceae </em>(CPE). Epidemiological monitoring of carbapenemase producing organisms in Bangladesh is important to prevent their dissemination.</p><p>Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2015; 9(2): 45-51</p>2016-07-21T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2016 Ibrahim Medical College Journalhttps://www.banglajol.info/index.php/IMCJ/article/view/28854Effects of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Aegle marmelos (BAEL) leaves on chronic inflammation in rats2016-07-22T04:56:51+00:00Sharmin Rahmansharminrahman241980@gmail.comEliza Omar Evasharminrahman241980@gmail.comRezaul Quadersharminrahman241980@gmail.comMuqbula Tasrinsharminrahman241980@gmail.comMd Ismail Khansharminrahman241980@gmail.com<p><em>Aegle Marmelos </em>Linn (Rutaceae) is used as ethno medicine against various human ailments. Several curde extracts from various parts (Leaves, flower, stem, root etc) of the plant <em>A. marmelos </em>Linn have shown variable anti-inflammatory effects in acute and chronic inflammation in animal models. The anti-inflammatory effects of <em>A marmelos </em>linn may be of special advantage compared to conventional anti-inflammatory drugs. The present study has therefore been undertaken with the objective to evaluate the anti inflammatory effect of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of <em>A. marmelos </em>leaves, compared to a standard anti-inflammatory drug (indomethacin) in chronic inflammatory conditions. The anti-inflammatory effect was studied in rats using cotton pellet implantation, where granuloma formation was used as an index of chronic inflammation. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of <em>A. marmelos </em>leaves were given orally for 7 days daily at doses of 100 mg/kg body weight. The percent inhibition of granuloma formation following treatment with aqueous and ethanolic extracts of <em>A. marmelos </em>leaves, and indomethacin compared to control were 16.5%, 25.72%, and 39.37% respectively. The differences were statistically significant (p<0.05 in case of aqueous and ethanolic extracts and p<0.001 in case of indomethacin). The results suggest that in case of chronic inflammation, both aqueous and ethanolic extracts of <em>A. marmelos </em>have significant anti- inflammatory effect. The ethanolic extracts compared to aqueous extract produced greater anti- inflammatory effects.</p><p>Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2015; 9(2): 52-54</p>2016-07-21T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2016 Ibrahim Medical College Journalhttps://www.banglajol.info/index.php/IMCJ/article/view/28855Disseminated melioidosis involving skin and joint: a case report2016-07-22T04:56:51+00:00Samira Rahat Afrozeauthorinquiry@inasp.infoMuhammad Abdur Rahimauthorinquiry@inasp.infoLovely Baraiauthorinquiry@inasp.infoKhwaja Nazim Uddinauthorinquiry@inasp.info<p>Melioidosis is an infectious disease that can cause serious morbidity and may result in death if not treated early. Its causative organism, <em>Burkholderia pseudomallei </em>is present in soil and water. Here, we report a case of disseminated melioidosis involving skin and joint in a farmer residing in an area where the organism has been found in the soil.</p><p>Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2015; 9(2): 55-57</p>2016-07-21T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2016 Ibrahim Medical College Journalhttps://www.banglajol.info/index.php/IMCJ/article/view/28856Jejunal inflammatory fibroid polyp: a rare cause of intussusception2016-07-22T04:56:52+00:00Md Rajibul Haque Talukderauthorinquiry@inasp.infoMd Noor A Alamauthorinquiry@inasp.infoZahid Iqbal Jamal Uddinauthorinquiry@inasp.infoNilufar Shabnamauthorinquiry@inasp.info<p>Inflammatory fibroid polyp is a benign and non-neoplastic condition of the gastro-intestinal tract, commonly affecting the gastric antrum, though it can affect any part of the gastro-intestinal tract. It is a submucosal, sessile, polypoid mass composed of myofbroblast like mesenchymal cells, numerous small blood vessels and marked inflammatory cell infiltrate mainly eosinophils. It commonly presents with intestinal obstruction or intussusception. We present here a case of recurrent episodes of small intestinal sub-acute obstruction due to intermittent intussusception associated with inflammatory ûbroid polyp of jejunum.</p><p>Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2015; 9(2): 58-60</p>2016-07-21T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2016 Ibrahim Medical College Journal