Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases

Laboratory Diagnosis of Genital Tuberculosis: A Narrative Review

Adneen Moureen — 2023-12-31

Genital tuberculosis is a leading cause of infertility in high tuberculosis burden countries like Bangladesh. Diagnosing this condition can be challenging due to the diverse ways it can present, which requires a physician to have a high level of suspicion. The fallopian tubes are mainly affected, and the endometrium in 50% of cases¹. Diagnostic modalities usually include histopathology, microscopy, solid and liquid culture tests, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) tests, immunohistochemistry tests, radiology imaging and laparoscopic and hysteroscopic procedures.

Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases, December 2023;10(2):92-100

Microbial Dysbiosis in Diabetic Children with Enteric Hepatitis: The Global Phenomenon and Bangladesh's Contextual Significance

Md Rakibul Hasan — 2023-12-31

Abstract Not Available

Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases, December 2023;10(2):56-58

Comparison of Complication and Post-Operative Infection Rate Between Application of Carbetocin and Oxytocin during Management of Post-Partum Hemorrhage after Caesarean Section

Farhana Haque Choudhury — 2023-12-31

Background: Adverse effects can be produced by carbetocin and oxytocin during management of post-partum hemorrhage after caesarean section.

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to compare the adverse effects among women with post-partum hemorrhage after caesarean section.

Methodology: This randomized controlled trial was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh from July 2015 to December 2015 for a period of six months. Pregnant women diagnosed on the standard criteria admitted in BSMMU, Dhaka, Bangladesh were selected as study population by consecutive type of sampling. Randomization was performed according to computer generated simple random sampling method. An Uterotonic was an agent used to induce contraction or greater tonicity of the uterus. Then the patients were monitored per operatively and post operatively. All the information was recorded in data collection sheet. Main outcome variables were estimated blood loss.

Results: A total number of 96 pregnant women were recruited for this study of which 48 cases were enrolled in group I and the rest of 48 case were enrolled in group II. The mean age with SD of the group I and group II were 24.4±4.7 years and 24.7±3.7 years. In blood transfusion of the study patients, 2(4.2%) patients need blood transfusion in group I and 5(10.4%) in group II (p>0.05). One (2.1%) patients had anaemia in group I and 5(10.4%) in group II. Forty-six (95.8%) patients had average menstrual flow in group I and 40(83.3%) in group II (p>0.05). Considering the side effect, 1(2.1%) patients had nausea in group I and 4(8.3%) in group II. Two (4.2%) patients had vomiting in group I and 5(10.4%) in group II. One (2.1%) patients had headache in group I and 4(8.3%) in group II. Four (8.3%) patients had infection rate in group I and 5(10.4%) in group II (p>0.05).

Conclusion: In conclusion blood transfusion, anaemia, vomiting and infection rate are found less in group I than group II.

Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases, December 2023;10(2):59-64

Perception and Attitudes towards COVID‑19 Vaccination in Bangladesh: A Cross-sectional Analysis

Md Monirul Islam — 2023-12-31

Background: Vaccination is now considered the most effective measure to prevent the harm resulting from the SARS-CoV-2. Mass vaccination has been started in different regions of the world, including Bangladesh.

Objective: The present work has been done to discover the Bangladeshi people’s attitude, perception towards COVID-19 vaccines, and their willingness to be vaccinated.

Methodology: This cross-sectional analysis was performed from the online survey data collected from 01 August 2021 to 17 august 2021 from Bangladeshi people over 21 years old at the Department of Pharmacy, Northern University Bangladesh.

Results: Among the total participants (517), the majority (60.74%) gave a positive response for being vaccinated. The reasons for unwillingness to be vaccinated were listed as adverse effects of the vaccine (46.04%), complex procedures of vaccination (18.32%), doubtfulness about the vaccine’s efficacy (15.35%), reduced risk perception about COVID-19 (15.35%) and needle phobia (4.95%).

Conclusion: It is revealed from the current study that education and media can motivate a person's attitude towards vaccination. To bring mass people under the vaccination program, it is necessary to broadcast proper and authentic information about vaccines. Besides, the procedure of getting vaccines should be simpler.

Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases, December 2023;10(2):65-70

Effect of Silymarin on Gentamicin Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats

Syeda Rubayat Hilmi — 2023-12-31

Background: As oxidative stress is an important factor in producing nephrotoxicity by a variety of drugs and chemicals; so, it may be assumed that agents having antioxidant property may protect the kidney from oxidative damage and can improve renal function.

Objective: In the present study the ameliorative effect of silymarin was determined in a gentamicin-induced nephrotoxic model of rat.

Methodology: This experimental animal study was carried out in the Department of Pharmacology at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2014 to January 2015 for a period of one year. In this study nephrotoxicity was induced by administering gentamicin (80 mg/kg/day for 7 days) intraperitoneally. Silymarin was administered (500 mg/kg/day for 14 days) orally concomitantly with gentamicin (7 days) and sacrificed on 15^th day. To determine nephrotoxicity and amelioration of nephrotoxicity as well as the status of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation; serum creatinine, serum urea, renal cortical reduced glutathione and malondialdehyde levels were estimated. Changes in renal architecture were estimated by histopathology of renal tissues.

Results: Group (II) rats were injected gentamicin intraperitoneally for 7 days and sacrificed on 15^th day showed significant (P< 0.001) increase of serum creatinine and urea level while there was significant (P< 0.001) reduction of renal cortical glutathione and increase (P< 0.001) in malondialdehyde concentration when compared to the control group (group I). This was supported by histological observations of H&E and PAS stained transverse section of renal cortex which suggested significant (P< 0.001) level of structural damage of renal cortex as evidenced from glomerular atrophy, tubular degeneration, presence of desquamated cellular debries and cast in the tubular lumen, mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltration. Statistically significant amelioration was observed in all the biochemical parameters which were supported by histology of renal cortex in silymarin treated group.

Conclusion: The results from biochemical and histological observations of the present study indicate that silymarin was probably effective to ameliorate the signs of toxic damage to the renal cortex.

Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases, December 2023;10(2):71-76

Innovative Approaches for Ecological Monitoring Disease Outbreaks Carried by Horseflies (Diptera, Tabanidae): A Systematic Review

Elena Sivkova — 2023-12-31

Background: The spread and adaptation of horseflies to new habitats, driven by global climate change, threatens not only animal health but also human well-being.

Objective: This article addresses the significant health risks posed by horseflies, which are known carriers of multiple pathogens causing up to 25 different infectious, parasitic, and viral diseases, including anthrax, tularemia, leptospirosis, and anaplasmosis.

Methodology: The study provided an overview based on an extensive literature review from 1929 to 2022, analyzing both Russian and English publications.

Results: The 2011 tularemia outbreak in Norway, linked to lemming population surges, and the higher susceptibility among men in Slovakia's annual tularemia cases highlight the role of animal reservoirs and gender in disease transmission. Leptospirosis, prevalent globally except in cold regions, is influenced by climate events, with significant public health impacts observed in various regions, including Russia and the Philippines following natural disasters. Anaplasmosis, transmitted by insects and ticks and more prevalent in warmer months, remains under-researched, with its rising threat exemplified by the growing ixodes tick population in Belarus.

Conclusion: In conclusion, understanding the epidemiology and sources of these diseases, along with recognizing the environmental and anthropogenic factors that influence their transmission, is vital. The study underscores the importance of ongoing surveillance, research, and preventive measures to mitigate the impact of these infectious diseases on public health.

Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases, December 2023;10(2):77-84

Prevalence of Hypersensitivity Reaction in Patients Attending Selected Diagnostic Centers NOVA/SOMLAB in Benadir Region, Somalia

Abdullahi Abdulkadir Abdiaziz — 2023-12-31

Background: The immune system plays a crucial role in maintaining health and protecting the human body against microbial invasions.

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to assess the prevalence of hypersensitivities reaction in allergic patient attending selected diagnostic centers.

Methodology: This cross- sectional was performed at selected hospitals. The study was carried out from 01^st August 2023 to 30^th November 2023 at the Immunology department of Nova Diagnostic and Research Institute, Somalia. There 300 samples were included in this study. Questionnaire and investigation (Sample Testing) was used as the main instrument for collecting patient socio-demographic profile and laboratory test were done at Nova diagnostic center.

Results: A total 300 participants were enrolled in this study. Among the 300 the predominant the prevalence of respondents was high which was 273(91%) cases and most of the participants were Banana allergic which was 215 (71.7%) cases. Maximum cases were from age group of 2-20 years (48%) and followed by 21-39 years (22%), 40-58 years (17.67%) and >58 years (12.33%). There was a statistically significant correlation between allergic status and education (P=0.003), but not between allergic status and age group (P=00.219) or gender (P=0.456).

Conclusion: The study revealed a significant correlation between allergic status and education, indicating that the majority of participants were allergic to bananas.

Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases, December 2023;10(2):85-91

Localization of a Retro Rectal Hydatid Cyst: A Rare Case Report

Rania Osmane — 2023-12-31

Cystic Echinococcosis (CE) is a worldwide zoonotic infection caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus. It has a widespread distribution in the human population of Tunisia.The liver hydatid cysts are the most commun abdominal site. However, other rare intra cavity location, can occur. We report the case of 56 year old patient with surgical history for liver hydatid cyst. Ten years after surgery, he was presented with chronic abdominal pain and constipation. The imaging results were all in favor of a retro rectal hydatid cyst. A total resection of the hydatid cyst was executed good outcomes.

Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases, December 2023;10(2):101-103

Microbiologists M.R. Sharipova and A.M. Mardanova are Talented Students and Teachers

Maxim Trushin — 2023-12-31

The history of the formation and development of the microbiological discipline at the Imperial Kazan University began in the middle of the XIX century. Then the first attempts were made to control infectious processes in the Kazan province (cholera, influenza, smallpox). With the advent of the microscope, university researchers have gained a new opportunity to observe microorganisms. At the end of the 19th century, the issues of medical and general microbiology were widely discussed in the scientific community of the city. At the very beginning of the twentieth century, the Bacteriological Institute was opened at the Faculty of Medicine, which became the flagship of these studies. However, microbiological research began to develop at other faculties of Kazan University already under Soviet rule (the work of A.P. Ponomarev and his student S.I. Limanova-Kolosova). They mainly dealt with issues of ecological and geological microbiology. At the very beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the University Laboratory of Microbiology was headed by M.I. Belyaeva, who in 1969 achieved the opening of the Department of Microbiology as part of the Biology and Soil Faculty of Kazan State University named after V.I. Ulyanov-Lenin. She was the founder of a new modern direction — the study of enzymes of microorganisms. Her students, who later became professors, R.P. Naumova and I.B. Leshchinskaya, have already educated their talented followers. This article is devoted to a review of the scientific and pedagogical activities of professors M.R. Sharipova and A.M. Mardanova, employees of the Department of Microbiology of Kazan Federal University.

Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases, December 2023;10(2):104-109