A Review on Opioid Dependence, Mechanism and Treatments Used: Option of Treatments: Modern versus Alternative Medicine

Authors

  • Nor Zidah Ahmad Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), 20400 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu Darul Iman,Malaysia
  • Khairi Che Mat Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), 20400 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu Darul Iman,Malaysia
  • Nasir Mohamad Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), 20400 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu Darul Iman,Malaysia
  • Rohayah Binti Husain Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), 20400 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu Darul Iman,Malaysia
  • Nor Hidayah Abu Bakar Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), 20400 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu Darul Iman,Malaysia
  • Nur Husna Zakaria Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), 20400 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu Darul Iman,Malaysia
  • Siti Norhajah Hashim Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), 20400 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu Darul Iman,Malaysia
  • Liyana Hazwani Mohd Adnan Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), 20400 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu Darul Iman,Malaysia
  • Mohamad Halim Mohamad Shariff Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), 20400 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu Darul Iman,Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v18i2.40681

Keywords:

Opioid dependence; calcium channel blocker; alternative treatment; modern treatment

Abstract

Opioid dependence is one of the severe social problems encountered by civilization nowadays. Prior to the illicit use of opioid, an abundance of research had been done in order to understand the molecular and cellular action of the opioid. In spite of that, the actual cellular mechanism remains controversial. Hence, this review is targeting on the mechanism of opioid dependence in a biochemical pathway and treatments available either via drug medication or the use of natural remedies to treat opioid dependence.

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(2) 2019 p.171-177

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Published

2019-03-25

How to Cite

Ahmad, N. Z., Mat, K. C., Mohamad, N., Husain, R. B., Bakar, N. H. A., Zakaria, N. H., Hashim, S. N., Mohd Adnan, L. H., & Mohamad Shariff, M. H. (2019). A Review on Opioid Dependence, Mechanism and Treatments Used: Option of Treatments: Modern versus Alternative Medicine. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science, 18(2), 171–177. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v18i2.40681

Issue

Vol. 18 No. 2 (2019)

Section

Review Article

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