Antimicrobial and cytotoxic potential of Dianthus basuticus used in Basotho traditional practice
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3329/bjp.v9i1.17530Keywords:
Antimicrobial, Cytotoxic, Dianthus basuticus subsps basuticusAbstract
The antimicrobial potential of Dianthus basuticus extracts were investigated using 96 wells microplate against selected bacteria and fungi strains while the cytotoxicity was assessed using brine shrimp lethality assay. All the extracts except water inhibited both Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria with the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) ranging from 1.56 to 6.25 mg/mL, except Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris and Shigella sonnei that were inhibited at 12.50 mg/mL by dichloromethane extract. Similarly, the acetone and ethanol extracts suppressed the growth of Candida rugosa, C. neoformans, C. albicans and Trichophyton mucoides with the MIC ranging from 1.56 to 6.25 mg/mL. The ethyl acetate fraction of the hydro-alcohol extract inhibited most of the bacteria and fungi at 0.78 mg/mL. The cytotoxicity assay results showed that both hydro-alcohol and ethanol extracts had toxic effect on the brine shrimp larvae with the LC50 values of 17.29 µg/mL and 59.42 µg/mL respectively, while the phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponins and cardiac glycosides. The results confirms moderate to potent antimicrobial activity of D. basuticus.
Downloads
365
201 Read
4
References
Abebe D, Debella A, Urga K. Medicinal plants and other useful plants of Ethopia. Singapore, Camerapix Publishers International, 2003, pp 54-61.
Angeh JE, Huang X, Sattler I. Swan GE, Dahse H, Härtl A. Eloff JN. Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity of four known and one new triterpenoid from Combretum Imberbe (Combretaceae). J Ethnopharmacol. 2007; 110: 56-60.
Aremu AO, Finnie JF, Van Staden J. Potential of South African medicinal plants used as anthelmintics: Their efficacy, safety concerns and reappraisal of current screening methods. South Afri J Bot. 2012; 82: 134-50.
Ashafa AOT, Umebese C. Phytochemical screening, antibacterial and antifungal activity of Garuleum woodii Schinz. root extracts against human pathogenic microbes. J Med Plants Res. 2012; 6: 5513-18.
Ashafa AOT. Medicinal potential of Morella seratta (Lam.) Killick (Myricaceae) root extraxts: Biological and pharmacological activities. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2013; 13: 163.
Balunas MJ, Kinghorn AD. Drug discovery from medicinal plants. Life Sci. 2005; 87: 431-41.
Edeoga HO, Okwu DE, Mbaebie BO. Phytochemical constituents of some Nigerian medicinal plants. Afri J Biotechnol. 2005; 4: 685-88.
Eloff JN. A sensitive and quick microplate method to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration of plant extracts for bacteria. Planta Medica. 1998; 64: 711–13.
Fagbemi JF, Ugoji E, Adenipekun T, Adelowotan O. Evaluation of antimicrobial properties of unripe banana (Musa sapientum L.), lemon grass (Cymbopogun citratus S.) and turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) on pathogens. Afri J Biotechnol. 2009; 8: 1176-82.
Geyid A, Abebe D, Debella A, Makonnen Z, Aberra F, Teka F, Kebede T, Urga K, Yersaw K, Biza T, Mariam BH, Guta M. Screening of some medicinal plants of Ethopia for their antimicrobial properties and chemical profiles. J Ethnopharmacol. 2005; 97: 421-27.
Harbone JB. Phytochemical methods. London, Champman and Hall Ltd., 1973, pp 49-188.
Havagiray R, Ramesh C, Sadhna K. Study of antidiarrhea activity of Calotropis gigantean R.B.R in experimental animals. J Pharmacol Pharm Sci. 2004; 7: 70-75.
Kabir OA, Olukayode O, Chidi EO, Christopher CI, Kehinde EF. Screening the crude extracts of six plants used in South West Nigeria unorthodox medicine for antimethicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus activity. BMC Comp Altern Med. 2005; 5: 1472-83.
Khan AV, Ahmed QU, Mir MR, Shulka I, Khan AA. Antibacterial efficacy of the seed extracts of Melia azedarach against some hospital isolated human pathogenic bacteria strains. Asian Pac J Tropic Biomed. 2012; 1: 452-55.
Khan FA, Hussain I, Farooq S, Ahmad M, Arif M, Rehman IU. Phytochemical screening of some Pakistanian medicinal plants. Middle-East J Sci Res. 2011; 8: 575–78.
Mabona U, van Vuuren SF. Southern African medicinal plants used to treat skin diseases. South Afri J Bot. 2013; 87: 175-93.
Manolakaki D, Velmahos GC, Kourkoumpetis T, Chang Y, Alam H, De Moya M, et al. Candida infection and coloniza-tion among trauma patients. Virulence 2010; 1: 367-75.
Mathekga ADM, Meyer JJM, Horn MM, Drews SE. An acylated phloroglucinol with antimicrobial properties from Helichrysum caespititum. Phytochemistry 2000; 53: 93-96.
Meyer BN, Ferrigni NR, Putnam JE, Jacobsen LB, Nichols DE, McLaughlin JL. Brine shrimp: A convenient general bio-assay for active plant constituents. Planta Medica 1982; 45: 31-34.
Naz R, Bano A. Phytochemical screening, antioxidants and antimicrobial potential of Lantana camara in different solvents. Asian Pac J Tropic Dis. 2013; 3: 480-86.
Okello SV, Nyunja RO, Natondo GW. Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by Sabaots of Mt. Elgon Kenya. Afri J Tradit Comp Altern Med. 2010; 7: 1-10.
Okwu DE, Josiah C. Evaluation of the chemical composition of two Nigerian medicinal plants. Afri J Biotechnol. 2006; 5: 357-61.
Olorunnisola OS, Bradley G, Afolayan AJ. Antioxidant proper-ties and cytotoxicity evaluation of methanolic extract of dried and fresh rhizomes of Tulbaghia violacea. Afri J Pharm Pharmacol. 2011; 5: 2490–97.
Parekh J. Chanda S. In vitro antibacterial activity of the crude methanol extract of Woodfordia fruticosa Kurz. flower (Lythaceae). Brazilian J Microbiol. 2007; 38: 204-07.
Pfaller MA, Diekema DJ. Epidemiology of invasive candidia-sis: A persistent public health problem. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2007;20: 133-63.
Pimentel-Montanher AB, Pizzolati MG, Costa-Brighente IM: An application of the brine shrimp bioassay for general screening of Brazilian medicinal plants. Acta Farm Bonaerense. 2002; 21: 175-78.
Raimondo D, Von SL, Foden W, Victor JE, Helme NA, Turner RC, Kamundi DA, Manyama PA. Red list of South African plants. Strelitzia 2009; 25: 668.
Sindambiwe JB, Calomme M, Cos P, Totte J, Pieters L, Vlietinck A, Vanden Berghe D. Screening of seven selected Rwandan medicinal plants for antimicrobial and antiviral activites. J Ethnopharmacol. 1999; 65: 71-77.
Soetan KO, Oyekunle MA, Aiyelaagbe O, Fafunso MA. Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of saponin extract of Sorghum bicolor L. Moench. Afr J Biotechnol. 2006; 5: 2405-07.
Sofowara A.Medicinal plants and traditional medicine in Africa. Nigeria, Spectrum Books Ltd, 1993, p 289.
Trease GE, Evans WC. Pharmacognsy. 11th ed. Canada, Macmillian Publishers, 1989.
Van Wyk BE. The potential of South African plants in the development of new medicinal products. South Afri J Bot. 2011; 77: 812-29.
Yakubu MT, Mostafa M, Ashafa AOT, Afolayan AJ. Antimicrobial activity of the solvent fractions from Bulbine natalensis tuber. Afri J Tradit Comp Altren Med. 2012; 9: 459-64.
Additional Files
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
