Cytotoxic, apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory properties of Adenoon indicum leaf methanolic extract using HT29 cell lines
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3329/bjp.v19i4.78705Keywords:
Adenoon indicum Dalz, cytotoxicity, apoptosis, colorectal cancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidantAbstract
In the present study, methanolic extract of Adenoon indicum leaves is investigated for its cytotoxic, apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory properties using HT29 cell lines. The extract yield was 1.6%. MTT assay of HT-29 cells shows that the extract's IC50 value was 80 μg/mL with 10 μg/mL for doxorubicin, confirming its cytotoxic effect. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that extract caused cell cycle arrest, with 2.3% of cells in the G2/M phase and 32.2% in the S phase at a dosage of 160 μg/mL. Propidium iodide/annexin V staining revealed that the extract caused 3.1% early apoptosis and 6.0% late apoptosis, compared to 0% early apoptosis and 13.4% late apoptosis with doxorubicin at 11 μg/mL and anti-inflammatory effect in the egg albumin denaturation inhibition assay. The results show methanolic extract of A. indicum has anti-cancer activities against colorectal cancer via triggering apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest. In addition, it has an anti-inflammatory effect.
Downloads
52
49
References
Ahmed N, Thompson EW, Quinn MA. Epithelial–mesenchymal interconversions in normal ovarian surface epithelium and ovarian carcinomas: An exception to the norm. J Cell Physiol. 2007; 213: 581-88.
Ali A, Banerjee S, Kamaal S, Usman M, Das N, Afzal M, Alarifi A, Sepay N, Roy P, Ahmad M. Ligand substituent effect on the cytotoxicity activity of two new copper (ii) complexes bearing 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives: Validated by MTT assay and apoptosis in MCF-7 cancer cell line (human breast cancer). RSC Adv. 2021; 11: 14362-73.
Anokwah D, Kwatia EA, Amponsah IK, Jibira Y, Harley BK, Ameyaw EO, Obese E, Biney RP, Mensah AY. Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential of the stem bark extract and some constituents of Aidia genipiflora (DC.) dandy (rubiaceae). Heliyon 2022; 8: e10082.
Awad AB, Fink CS. Phytosterols as anti-cancer dietary components: Evidence and mechanism of action. J Nutr. 2000; 130: 2127-30.
Chandra S, Chatterjee P, Dey P, Bhattacharya S. Evaluation of in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of coffee against the denaturation of protein. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2012; S178-80.
Deshmukh R, Prajapati M, Harwansh R. Management of colo-rectal cancer using nanocarriers-based drug delivery for herbal bioactives: Current and emerging approaches. Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2024; 25: 5.
Gao F, Zhang Z, Bu Y. Stigmasterol and its anti-cancer effects: Induction of apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation in colon cancer cells. Food Funct. 2018; 9: 3714-23.
Gopalakrishnan G, Banumathi B, Suresh G. Evaluation of the biological activities of Adenoon indicum extracts. J Ethno-pharmacol. 1997; 58: 99-105.
He Z, Chen H, Li, G. Molecular docking and in vitro analysis of phytosterols as potential anti-cancer agents. Biomed Pharmacother. 2020; 132: 110830.
Hu Y, Zhou P, Deng K, Zhou Y, Hu K. Targeting the gut microbiota: A new strategy for colorectal cancer treatment. J Transl Med. 2024; 24.
Khan MA, Siddiqui S, Ahmad I, Singh R, Mishra DP, Srivastava AN, Ahmad R. Phytochemicals from Ajwa dates pulp extract induce apoptosis in human triple-negative breast cancer by inhibiting AKT/mTOR pathway and modulating Bcl-2 family proteins. Sci Rep. 2021; 11: 10322.
Kim JH, Gupta SC, Park B, Yadav VR, Aggarwal BB. Turmeric (Curcuma longa) inhibits inflammatory nuclear factor (NF)-κB and NF-κB-regulated gene products and induces death receptors leading to suppressed proliferation, induced chemosensitization, and suppressed osteoclastogenesis. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2011; 56: 454-65.
Kushwaha PP, Gupta S, Singh AK. Role of plant sterols in cancer prevention and apoptosis induction. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2019; 63: 1800783.
Mane RP, Anbhule PV, Patil SV, Shimpale VB. Bioprospecting of Adenoon indicum: An endemic plant of Asteraceae from Western Ghats of India. Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res. 2019; 41: 22-27.
Marciniak B, Kciuk M, Mujwar S, Sundaraj R, Bukowski K, Gruszka R. In vitro and in silico investigation of BCI anti-cancer properties and its potential for chemotherapy-combined treatments. Cancers 2023; 15: 4442.
Patel K, Singh GK. Phytochemicals as anticancer agents: Insights into molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Phytother Res. 2021; 35: 744-58.
Patil SS, Wadkar KA. In vitro anti-cancer activity of Epipremnum aureum. Bangladesh J Pharmacol. 2024; 19: 23-28.
Saleh MM, Darwish ZE, El Nouaem MI, Fayed NA, Mourad GM, Ramadan OR. The potential preventive effect of dietary phytochemicals in vivo. BDJ Open. 2023; 9: 30.
Sengupta A, Ghosh S, Bhattacharjee S. In silico and in vitro investigation of plant-derived compounds with anti-cancer potential. Comput Biol Chem. 2022; 99: 107735.
SoRelle JA, Itoh T, Peng H, Kanak MA, Sugimoto K, Matsu-moto S, Levy MF, Lawrence MC, Naziruddin B. Withaferin A inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokine-induced damage to islets in culture and following transplantation. Diabetologia 2013; 56: 814-24.
Turker NP, Bakar E. Effects of L-dopa and p-coumaric acid combination on oxidative stress, DNA damage, and mitochondrial apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells. Bangladesh J Pharmacol. 2023; 18: 49-57.
Zhang J, Wu Y, Tian Y, Xu H, Lin ZX, Xian YF. Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of intestinal cancer: Preclinical studies and potential clinical applications. Molecular cancer. 2024; 23: 217.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Ajit B. Patil, Anilkumar J. Shinde
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
