Cytotoxicity of paeonenoide C isolated from Paeonia obovata on HT-29 human colon cancer cells
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3329/bjp.v20i1.78798Keywords:
Colon cancer, Cytotoxicity, ERK1/2, HT-29 cell line, Paeonenoide C , Paeonia obovata, RetinoblastomaAbstract
In this study, an alternative approach to activity-based screening was employed to identify potential anti-cancer agent against colon cancer. As a result, Paeonia obovata was selected, and an active compound was isolated from its methanol extracts. Through structural and physicochemical analyses, the compound was identified as paeonenoide C, a triterpenoid. Various cell-based assays, including the MTT reduction assay, LDH release assay, and colony formation assay were conducted to assess its anti-cancer properties. Paeonenoide C exhibited cytotoxic effects in HT-29 human colon cancer cells at concentrations above 150 μM. Western blot analysis demonstrated that paeonenoide C-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by suppressing the phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 while down-regulating extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 expression. These findings suggest that paeonenoide C possesses potential anti-cancer activity against colon cancer cell lines.
Downloads
References
Brown JM, Giaccia AJ. The unique physiology of solid tumors: Opportunities (and problems) for cancer therapy. Cancer Res. 1998; 58: 1408-16.
Brown MD, Sacks DB. Protein scaffolds in MAP kinase signaling. Cell Signal. 2009; 21: 462-69.
Chang X, Wang S, Bao YR, Li TJ, Yu XM, Meng XS. Multicomponent, multitarget integrated adjustment: Metabolomics study of qizhiweitong particles curing gastrointestinal motility disorders in mice induced by atropine. J Ethnopharmacol. 2016; 189: 14-21.
Chattopadhyay S, Bisaria VS, Panda AK, Srivastava AK. Cytotoxicity of in vitro produced podophyllotoxin from Podophyllum hexandrum on human cancer cell line. Nat Prod Res. 2004; 18: 51-57.
da Rocha AB, Lopes RM, Schwartsmann G. Natural products in anti-cancer therapy. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2001; 1: 364-69.
Decker T, Lohmann-Matthes ML. A quick and simple method for the quantitation of lactate dehydrogenase release in measurements of cellular cytotoxicity and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) activity. J Immunol Methods. 1988; 115: 61-69.
de Gramont A, Figer A, Seymour M, Homerin M, Hmissi A, Cassidy J, Boni C, Cortes-Funes H, Cervantes A, Freyer G, Papamichael D, Le Bail N, Louvet C, Hendlern C, Morvan F, Bonetti A. Leucovorin and fluorouracil with or without oxaliplatin as first-line treatment in advanced colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2000; 18: 2938-47.
Fan Z, Liu J, Wang X, Yang S, Wang Q, Yan L, Zhang Y, Wu X. Paeoniae radix Rubra: A review of ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, therapeutic mechanism for blood stasis syndrome, and quality control. Chem Biodivers. 2024; 21: e202401119.
Fisher B. Clinical trials for the evaluation of cancer therapy. Cancer 1984; 54: 2609-17.
Gouaze V, Yu JY, Bleicher RJ, Han TY, Liu YY, Wang H, Gottesman MM, Bitterman A, Giuliano AE, Cabot MC. Overexpression of glucosylceramide synthase and P-glycoprotein in cancer cells selected for resistance to natural product chemotherapy. Mol. Cancer Ther. 2004; 3: 633-39.
Halina E, Marta K, Agnieszka S. Paeonia × suffruticosa (Moutan Peony): A review of the chemical composition, traditional and professional use in medicine, position in cosmetics industries, and biotechnological studies. Plants 2002; 11: 3379.
Jedinak A, Sliva D. Pleurotus ostreatus inhibits proliferation of human breast and colon cancer cells through p53-dependent as well as p53-independent pathway. Int J Oncol. 2008; 33: 1307-13.
Jemal A, Siegel R, Xu J, Ward E. Cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin. 2010; 60: 277-300.
Kamb A. Cell-cycle regulators and cancer. Trends Genet. 1995; 11: 136-40.
Kerr JF, Winterford CM, Harmon BV. Apoptosis: Its significance in cancer and cancer therapy. Cancer 1994; 73: 2013-26.
Kinghorn AD, Chin YW, Swanson SM. Discovery of natural product anti-cancer agents from biodiverse organisms. Curr Opin Drug Discov Devel. 2009; 12: 189-96.
Knudsen ES, Knudsen KE. Retinoblastoma tumor suppressor: Where cancer meets the cell cycle. Exp Biol Med. 2006; 231: 1271-81.
Kodach LL, Bos CL, Duran N, Peppelenbosch MP, Ferreira CV, Hardwick JCH. Violacein synergistically increases 5-fluorouracil cytotoxicity, induces apoptosis and inhibits Akt-mediated signal transduction in human colorectal cancer cells. Carcinogenesis 2006; 27: 508-16
Koo YK, Kim JM , Koo JY, Kang SS, Bae KH, Kim YS, Chung JH, Yun-Choi HS. Platelet anti-aggregatory and blood anti-coagulant effects of compounds isolated from Paeonia lactiflora and Paeonia suffruticosa. Pharmazie 2010; 65: 624-28.
Kozlenko M, Vol A, Zusman I. Stability-variability conflict as a reason for cancer: Physical and social aspects. Med Hypotheses. 2001; 57: 648-54.
Kwon HJ, Hong YK, Park C, Choi YH, Yun HJ, Lee EW, Kim BW. Widdrol induces cell cycle arrest, associated with MCM down-regulation, in human colon adenocarcinoma cells. Cancer Lett. 2010; 290: 96-103.
Lee KH. Discovery and development of natural product-derived chemotherapeutic agents based on a medicinal chemistry approach. J Nat Prod. 2010; 73: 500-16.
Lim do Y, Jeong Y, Tyner AL, Park JH. Induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HT-29 human colon cancer cells by the dietary compound luteolin. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2007; 292: G66-75.
Maroun JA, Anthony LB, Blais N, Burkes R, Dowden SD, Dranitsaris G, Samson B, Shah A, Thirlwell MP, Vincent MD, Wong R. Prevention and management of chemotherapy-induced diarrhea in patients with colorectal cancer: A consensus statement by the Canadian working group on chemotherapy-induced diarrhea. Curr Oncol. 2007; 14: 13-20.
Ogiso Y, Tomida A, Lei S, Omura S, Tsuruo T. Proteasome inhibition circumvents solid tumor resistance to topoisomerase ІІ-directed drugs. Cancer Res. 2000; 60: 2429-34.
Park HR, Tomida A, Sato S, Tsukumo Y, Yun J, Yamori T, Hayakawa Y, Tsuruo T, Shinya K: Effect on tumor cells of blocking survival response to glucose deprivation. J Natl Can Inst 2004; 96: 1300-10.
Pozzi A, Yan X, Macias-Perez I, Wei S, Hata AN, Breyer RM, Morrow JD, Capdevila JH. Colon carcinoma cell growth is associated with prostaglandin E2/EP4 receptor-evoked ERK activation. J Biol Chem. 2004; 279: 29797-804.
Roskoski R Jr. ERK1/2 MAP kinases: Structure, function, and regulation. Pharmacol Res. 2012; 66: 105-43.
Sun Y, Sinicrope FA. Selective inhibitors of MEK1/ERK44/42 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases potentiate apoptosis induction by sulindac sulfide in human colon carcinoma cells. Mol Cancer Ther. 2005; 4: 51-59.
Tomida A, Tsuruo T. Drug resistance mediated by cellular stress response to the microenvironment of solid tumors. Anticancer Drug Des. 1999; 14: 169-77.
Tsuruo T, Naito M, Tomida A, Fujita N, Mashima T, Sakamoto H, Haga N. Molecular targeting therapy of cancer: Drug resistance, apoptosis and survival signal. Cancer Sci. 2003; 93: 15-21.
Weinberg RA. The retinoblastoma protein and cell cycle control. Cell 1995; 81: 323-30.
Wu L, Nie L, Wang Q, Xu Z, Wang Y, He C, Song J, Yao H. Comparative and phylogenetic analyses of the chloroplast genomes of species of Paeoniaceae. Sci Rep. 2021; 11: 14643.
Wu, S.H., Yang, S.M., Wu, D.G., Cheng, Y.W., Peng, Q. 2005. Three novel 24,30-dinortriterpenoids, paeonenoides A-C, from Paeonia veitchii. Helv. Chim. Acta. 2005; 88: 259-65.
Yang SA, Paek SH, Kozukue N, Lee KR, Kim JA. Alpha-chaconine, a potato glycoalkaloid, induces apoptosis of HT-29 human colon cancer cells through caspase-3 activation and inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Food Chem Toxicol. 2006; 44: 839-46.

Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Hae-RYong Park

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).