A Case Report of Struma Ovarii: A Rare Ovarian Teratoma

Abstract

Background: Struma ovarii is a rare monodermal variant of ovarian teratoma, characterized by the presence of mature thyroid tissue comprising more than 50% of the Tumor. Struma ovarii is a rare ovarian tumor, accounting for 1% of all ovarian tumors and 2-5% of ovarian teratomas. It consists predominantly or entirely of thyroid tissue and can occasionally exhibit functional thyroid activity.

Case Presentation: This case report discusses a 41-year-old female who presented with nonspecific abdominal discom- fort and a gradually enlarging pelvic mass. Pelvic ultrasonography revealed a complex, predominantly cystic ovarian mass. The patient underwent a laparoscopic salpingo-oophorectomy, and histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of struma ovarii. Thyroid function tests were within normal limits, and no evidence of malignancy or metastatic disease was observed. The patient’s postoperative course was uneventful, with complete resolution of symptoms. Struma ovarii can present diagnostic challenges due to its nonspecific clinical and radiological features, often mimicking other ovarian neoplasms. Although typically benign, it can occasionally undergo malignant transformation or cause thyrotoxi- cosis. This case emphasizes the importance of considering struma ovarii in the differential diagnosis of ovarian masses and highlights the role of histopathology in definitive diagnosis. Early recognition and appropriate surgical management are crucial for favorable outcomes in patients with this rare ovarian tumor.

Conclusion: Struma ovarii is often asymptomatic or presents with nonspecific symptoms, making preoperative diagnosis challenging. Surgical excision remains the mainstay of treatment, with a favorable prognosis in most benign cases.

CME J 2025; 4(1); 64-67