IUBAT Review

First Generation’s Language Attitudes in a Bilingual Context: A Study on the Bihari Community in Dhaka City

Dilara Dilshad, Sheikh Saifullah Ahmed — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study investigated language attitudes of the first generation of the Urdu-speaking Bihari Community in Dhaka city. In this paper, the term ‘first generation’ refers to persons who immigrated to erstwhile East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) during the partition in 1947 and were born before the liberation warof 1971.Language attitudeis defined in this research as an individual or communal expression toward Urdu and Bangla, as well as language choices and use by the first generation. The purpose of this research was to investigate language attitudes of the first generation towards their mother tongue, Urdu, and the language of the dominant community, Bangla, in a bilingual situation in the Bihari community of Dhaka, and the present condition of Urdu in Bangladesh. The primary goal was to determine if they were positive, negative, or neutral to their own language, Urdu and to the dominant Bengali language. This study adopted a mixed-methods approach, and the data were obtained through a questionnaire and interviews with some respondents of the Bihari community of Geneva camp, Dhaka. The findings highlight the impact of their language attitudes on their language use and choice in bilingual situations and reveal that the first generation has a more positive attitude toward Urdu than Bangla. This study may serve as a specimen for future academics to assess how the language of a community shifts and how language attitudes of that particular community change over time.

IUBAT Review—A Multidisciplinary Academic Journal, 7(1): 01-25

Empowering Bangladesh: A Study on Synergizing Renewable Energy and Smart Grid Technologies for Sustainable Development

Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This paper shows a study of the Smart Grid in Bangladesh, emphasizing the incorporation of renewable energy sources. Its aim is to provide an overview of global renewable energy demand and highlight the significance of a smart grid system in fostering sustainability and dropping CO₂ emissions.The total renewable energy generation of Bangladesh stood at a meager 1.34% in 2009, representing its low comparative position with other nations. Unfortunately, there has been a little improvement over time, as the total renewable energy generation was 1.51% in 2014 and only slightly increased to 1.57% by 2019. To overcome the addressed issue, it requires massive potential of renewable energy sources to ensure a lucrative, secure, and high-quality supply. This can be achieved through effective monitoring and control mechanisms within the grid system.The integration of cutting-edge technologies such as bi-directional current flow, bi-directional communication systems, automatic working capacity, automatic control systems, and rear systems are required if the upgradation of the current power structure is needed. These advancements will contribute to the enhanced performance, reliability, and security of the renewable energy infrastructure. By embracing a smart grid system and optimizing the integration of renewable energy, Bangladesh can pave the way towards a sustainable future. This will not only boost the country's renewable energy generation but also play a vital role in mitigating CO₂ emissions.

IUBAT Review—A Multidisciplinary Academic Journal, 7(1): 26-44

Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Growth and Yield of Tomaloo

A M Farooque, Mohammad Rezaul Karim, Md Mahfuzul Hoque , Mahadi Hasan — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

An experiment was carried out at the Agricultural Research Field of IUBAT, Dhaka, Bangladesh from October 2022 to April 2023 to investigate the Effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the growth and yield of “Tomaloo” in continuation of previous research. “Tomaloo” is a wonder plant created by grafting between a potato and a tomato plant which bears tomato in the upper parts of the plant and the potato grows underground. The experiment was set following Randomized Complete Block Design consisting of four treatments and three replications. The treatments used in the study were F0- Without fertilizer, F1-Organic fertilizer, F2-Chemical fertilizer, and F3-Organic + Chemical fertilizer. The tomato variety BARI-20 (Cherry Tomato) and Potato variety Diamant were used in this experiment. From the study, significant differences were observed in terms of growth and yield components. Most of the studied parameters such as plant height, number of leaves, number of branches, number of flower clusters per plant, number of fruits per cluster, number of fruits per plant, fruit length, fruit diameter, single fruit weight, and total fruit yield per plant of Tomato and Potato showed significant difference by the different fertilizer treatments. The maximum “Tomaloo” plant growth was found in the F1 treatment and the minimum was recorded in the F0 treatment. The highest yield of Tomato (373.58 g) and Potato (204.90 g) per plant of “Tomaloo” was recorded in the F1 treatment and the lowest yield of Tomato (171.95 g) and Potato (117.37 g) per plant was recorded in the F0 treatment. It was revealed from the present findings that maximum growth and yield of tomato and potato were obtained from “Tomaloo” plant in response to F1 (Organic fertilizer) fertilizer treatments.

IUBAT Review—A Multidisciplinary Academic Journal, 7(1): 45-61

Analysis of Load Frequency Control of Two Area Power System using Different Control Techniques

Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

To maintain stability is a mandatory requirement of any kind of power network. Interconnected power systems have significant advantages in maintaining stability and frequency at their nominal values. The control of the interconnected power systems is performed by Automatic Generation Control (AGC), which has two parts: the Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) and Load Frequency Control (LFC). When a disturbance occurs in the system, Load Frequency Control (LFC) acts to re-establish the system into its steady state with zero error as well as the desired transient response characteristics. This paper exhibits the design and implementation of a PID and Fuzzy Logic Controller for two area power systems, taking the steady state error and percentage of overshoot, undershoot, and pre-shoot as comparison parameters. MATLAB/Simulink software was used to bring out the implementation and obtain results. System dynamic performance is observed for PID and Fuzzy Logic Controllers in Simulink. The comparison study indicated that the proposed Fuzzy Logic controller has better performance than the PID controller.

IUBAT Review—A Multidisciplinary Academic Journal, 7(1): 62-79

Solar Power Generation in Bangladesh: Status, Challenges and Measures

A K M Alamgir — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Efforts toward generation of electricity from solar source by various application technologies is now emerging in Bangladesh. To date, almost 3% of total electricity generation comes from various renewable resources, where 2% is contributed by solar power. Since inception of solar practice in mid 90’s, a collaborating effort by government and private organizations successfully set up a strong foundation of solar culture in the country being financially stimulated by the world donor agencies. In fact, the expectation of renewable sharing where solar is the major contributor is much higher in terms of near extinction of country’s fossil fuel, fore-coming energy demand and environmental concern. The status of current solar power production, existing challenges to be commensurate with national vision as well as global solar trend, and potential measures have been focused and analyzed in this review paper based on reported data and information.

IUBAT Review—A Multidisciplinary Academic Journal, 7(1): 80-89

A Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Approaches for Evaluating the Compressive Strength of Pozzolanic Concrete

Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study leverages machine learning techniques to predict pozzolanic concrete's compressive strength accurately. Using artificial neural networks (ANN), random forest (RF), and gradient boosting regressor (GBR) models trained on a dataset of 482 samples, the study divides the data into 70% training and 30% testing subsets with seven input parameters. Model performance is assessed through metrics like coefficient of determination (R²), root mean square error (RMSE), and mean absolute error (MAE). The RF model excels, achieving R² values of 0.976 in training and 0.964 in testing, along with the lowest RMSE (2.84 MPa) and MAE (2.05 MPa) during training and RMSE values of 7.81 MPa and MAE values of 5.89 MPa during testing, demonstrating superior predictive accuracy. Sensitivity analysis highlights the pivotal role of cement as an input parameter, contributing significantly to the model's accuracy. Employing K-fold cross-validation confirms the RF model's robustness with an average R² value of 0.959. This research underscores the RF model's reliability and effectiveness in forecasting pozzolanic concrete compressive strength, with practical applications for concrete optimization and construction practices, establishing it as the preferred choice compared to other machine learning models.

IUBAT Review—A Multidisciplinary Academic Journal, 7(1): 90-122

Optimal Design and Performance Analysis of a Gas-Gas Heat Exchanger for Harvesting Waste Heat

Mostafizur Rahman, Md Mahedi Alam, Debasish Sarker — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study reports the design of an optimized heat exchanger capable of efficiently extracting and transferring waste heat from flue gas to air. An experimental setup was constructed to recover waste heat from the exhaust steam of a boiler, using this heat to warm compressed air. Thermocouples recorded the temperatures at the inlet and outlet of both the hot and cold fluids. A MATLAB code is developed to compare the experimental results. According to our code, the cold fluid outlet temperature ranged from 71.5°C to 76°C, while the experimental setup showed temperatures ranging from 66°C to 71.5°C at air mass flow rates of 0.1564, 0.1346, and 0.1794 kg/s. The deviation may arise from the inaccuracies of the flow rate and the temperature measurement devices as well as the constraints in correlations which calculate heat transfer coefficient and friction factor in pressure drop. Future work may focus on minimizing the deviations and propose an improved design of heat exchanger.

IUBAT Review—A Multidisciplinary Academic Journal, 7(1): 124-141

Implementing Digital Marketing Channels on BTHM Admission: Evidence from Dhaka City

Mohammad Badruddoza Talukder, Iva Rani Das , Sanjeev Kumar — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study analyzes the influence of digital marketing channels on BBA in Tourism and Hospitality Management (BTHM) admission at higher-degree educational institutions in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The research employed a simple random sampling approach to pick 200 prospective students who sought to be accepted to various academic institutions offering four years of degree in BTHM in Dhaka City. Data was obtained using a standardized questionnaire on students' exposure to digital marketing outlets and their admission choices to BTHM. We analyzed the data using Microsoft Excel. The research findings reveal that digital marketing channels of social media are powerful information sources for educational institutions. The results suggest that social media and user-friendly websites also play vital roles in decision-making for students who want to take BTHM admission as a higher study. Educational institutions should enhance their digital marketing, especially social media and user-friendly websites, to attract and engage potential students for BTHM admission. The study contributes technological insights to the field of both digital marketing and BTHM admission. The study provides practical recommendations for educational institutions to enhance their digital marketing strategies and optimize their outreach efforts for BTHM admissions in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

IUBAT Review—A Multidisciplinary Academic Journal, 7(1)): 142-170

Climate Change Inculcate Crop Loss and Livelihood: A Case of Drought in Bangladesh

Md Shafiqul Islam — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Crop loss is multidimensional and associated with drought and the consequences of climate change. Drought damages crops and make losses to the marginalized people and make them more vulnerable in different channels alike other disasters. The work has been carried out in the Northwest region of Barind in Bangladesh to explore relevant issues that may lead crop damage by frequent drought. Research used various methods in this study to get together both qualitative and quantitative information along with primary and secondary sources. Survey was conducted using semi-structured questionnaire with the sample population. Few selective case studies were made to obtain more information on crop loss and drought. In this study, Ordinary Least Square technique was utilized.

The model of crop loss:

C= α₀ + α₁X₁ + α₂X₂ + α₃X₃ + α₄X₄ + α₅X₅ + α₆X₆ + α₇X₇ + α₈X₈ + α₉X₉ + µ₁

The study explored few variables including income of the households, their age, sex and migration that have no important influence on crop production and loss owing to drought. Other variables such as frequency of drought, study areas, sustenance, livelihood and agricultural land have the significant influence on crop loss and livelihood. It was mentioned by the households that frequency of drought is increasing two decades with increase the number of hot days. Result indicates the meaningful relationship between drought frequency and crop losses. Few adaptation measures like re-sowing, early sowing, late planting can reduce crop loss. A wide range of alternatives for livelihood activities such as small business, van pulling, handiworks and seedling production for nursery business were identified by this study. Drought insurance policy, early warning system, future research on emerging issues and local level knowledge are important for climate change adaptation and resilience.

IUBAT Review—A Multidisciplinary Academic Journal, 7(1): 171-185

Tensile and Fracture Behaviour of Sn/Pb Solder Affected Aluminium Subjected to Post-Deformation Ageing

Mohammad Salim Kaiser — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

An efficient assessment of the mechanical characteristics of waste/scraped aluminum under a variety of operating circumstances is crucial to the exploration of its potential for reuse. In this regard Sn/Pb solder affected aluminum is subjected to post-deformation and ageing in order to investigate its effect on tensile and fracture behaviour. To isolate the individual effects pure Al, binary Al-Sn and Al-Pb alloy samples are taken simultaneously. Cold rolled by 80% and aged at different temperatures are then tensile tested at room temperature with a different strain rate. Results are the solder affected samples improved in strength through solid solution strengthening whereas tin performed better than lead because Sn has a different BCC crystal structure than that of FCC Al and Pb. Quantitative analysis indicates that at the peak aged condition the strength of pure aluminium is improved by 21%, 9% and 29% when affected by Sn, Pb and Sn-Pb solder respectively. Tin forms various intermetallics with different impurities hence there is some ageing response. These precipitates have an effect on the strain rate and accelerate the tensile strength. The effects of elements on the reduction of impact strength are noticeable. Minor added alloys show relatively dense grain boundaries for the presence of different elements. Such elements are visible on the fracture surface, which inhibits dislocation movement and ensures high strength.

IUBAT Review—A Multidisciplinary Academic Journal, 7(1): 186-201

Zoom as a Teaching Tool to Enhance Students’ Listening and Speaking Skills: Teachers’ and Students’ Perceptions

Firoz Akanda , Iffat Jahan Suchona — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Zoom, an essential tool for online learning, has transformed teaching and learning strategies and made it possible for teachers to adapt to the ever-changing online landscape. The study explores the perceptions of teachers and students regarding the use of Zoom as a virtual tool for speaking and listening classes at private universities in Dhaka, Bangladesh.It involves five English language teachers and 15 students, employing qualitative methods such as semi-structured interviews. Results indicate improved speaking skills but not listening skills due to issues like power cuts, unstable internet, device unavailability, lack of concentration, and buffering. Despite obstacles, both teachers and students view Zoom favorably for speaking tasks but face challenges with overall listening comprehension.

IUBAT Review—A Multidisciplinary Academic Journal, 7(1): 202-217

A Comprehensive Review on the Impact of Teacher Feedback in Language Development for ESL/EFL Learners

Kazi Imran Hossain, Md Kawser Ahmed, Md Sabid Mahmud — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This comprehensive review investigates the multifaceted impact of teacher feedback on English as a Second/Foreign Language (ESL/EFL) learners' language development. The paper examines feedback modalities, including written, verbal, and technological approaches, and recommends a multimodal strategy to accommodate diverse learner preferences. The challenges in providing feedback, such as balancing corrective and affirming feedback and individualising responses in large classes, are discussed. Future recommendations include using technology to provide scalable and personalised feedback, encouraging learner agency through self-assessment, and prioritising cultural responsiveness. The integration of socio-emotional dimensions into feedback practices is highlighted, emphasising the importance of a comprehensive approach to ESL/EFL language development. Ongoing collaboration among teachers, students, and researchers is recognised as critical for shaping evidence-based practices and advancing inclusive and effective ESL/EFL teaching. This paper offers valuable insights for teachers, researchers, and policymakers looking to improve language development strategies in a variety of ESL/EFL contexts.

IUBAT Review—A Multidisciplinary Academic Journal, 7(1): 218-229