The Journal of Ad-din Women's Medical College

Metamorphosis of a medical graduate: From a general physician to a public health expert

Tanzila Naureen — 2023-07-10

Abstract not available

The Journal of Ad-din Women's Medical College; Vol. 11 (2), July 2023; p 58-59

An Update Review on Childhood Interstitial Lung Diseases (chILD)

Rahat Bin Habib — 2023-07-10

In recent times, we have encountered several cases of Childhood Interstitial Lung Disease (chILD) in our clinical practice in Bangladesh. In developed world, there has been tremendous progress in the approach to chILD, with particular recognition that (chILD) in infants is often distinct from the forms that occur in older children and adults. Confirmation of diagnosis is challenging because of the rarity of Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) and the fact that the presenting symptoms of ILD often overlap those of common respiratory disorders. There are few case reports and almost no study on chILD in Bangladesh from net search. A growing part of the etiologic spectrum of chILD is being attributed to molecular defects. The pathogenesis of the various chILD is complex and the diseases share common features of inflammatory and fibrotic changes of the lung parenchyma that impair gas exchanges. We are trying to diagnose chILD by excluding methods of suspected children in our aspects. However, in developed nations, clinical practice guidelines emphasize the role for high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of chest, genetic testing, and lung biopsy in the diagnostic evaluation. Despite improvements in patient management, the therapeutic strategies are still relying mostly on corticosteroids although specific therapies are emerging. Larger longitudinal cohorts of patients are being gathered through on-going international collaborations to improve disease knowledge and targeted therapies. Thus, it is expected that children with ILD will be able to reach the adulthood transition in a better condition.

The Journal of Ad-din Women's Medical College; Vol. 11 (2), July 2023; p 39-47

Understanding the Hereditary Factors in Cancer- Recent Insights and Developments: An Updated Review

Waseka Nowshin — 2023-07-10

Background: Although cancer (Ca) etiology can be multifactorial, it is nearly universally intertwined with genetic mutations that instigate tumor genesis or progression. This updated review aims at describing if this dispute remains meaningful based on a thorough literature survey.

Methodology: This updated review was conducted over the last 2.5 decades using 3 (three) search engines: Web of Science (WoS), Pubmed and Science direct that encompassed all associated information and hypothetical considerations, globally, utilizing information from 1998 through 2022. All such, concepts, logically deducted explanations and scientifically assumed points if Ca remains hereditary is the main focus of this review.

Results/ Findings: This appraisal on cancer, though yielded some instances of hereditariness in origin, mostly remains of genetic origin. Reportedly, cancers can be passed down from one family member to another through genes, and, may cause by genetic mutation present in eggs or sperms cell during fertilization which are actually considered as hereditary cancer, like breast, colon, and prostate cancer, as well as less common cancers, viz., pancreatic and ovarian cancer.

Therefore, understanding the hereditary factors of Ca is critical not only for assessing the genetic contribution to cancer, but also for designing preventive and therapeutic strategies. It allows identifying people who are at a higher risk due to family history and/or genetic makeup, allow early detection through improved surveillance and, more importantly, for tailored therapeutic modality. By addressing recent advancement, this review will provide an overview on the hereditary factors of cancers and/or raising awareness on significant role of development in Ca genetics.

The Journal of Ad-din Women's Medical College; Vol. 11 (2), July 2023; p 48-57

Value added in Teaching-Learning (T-L) Methodology of Under Graduate Medical Education in Bangladesh: Student’s Benefits and Learning Outcome

Ridwana Rahman — 2023-07-10

Abstract not available

The Journal of Ad-din Women's Medical College; Vol. 11 (2), July 2023; p 1-2

Bilateral Toxoplasma Retinitis: Rare But Devastating Condition - A Case Report

Md Abdullah Al Kafi — 2023-07-10

Abstract not available

The Journal of Ad-din Women's Medical College; Vol. 11 (2), July 2023; p 60-64

Vitamin D Status Among Patients With Dry Eye Syndrome Attended In Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU)

Abir Bin Sajj — 2023-07-10

Background: Dry eye syndrome (DES) is a common ocular manifestation. Artificial tears provide relief of eye irritation in patients with aqueous tear deficiency, but do not treat the underlying inflammation in Dry eye syndrome. Aim: To assess the vitamin D status of the dry eye syndrome patients.

Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Community Ophthalmology, BSMMU, Shahbag, Dhaka, from July 2019 to June 2020. Within the period a total of 50 cases of dry eye syndrome patients that met the inclusion criteria were taken as samples after receiving their informed consent. Detailed history, physical examination and Ophthalmological examination including Tear film Breakup Time (TBUT) of each patient was performed and recorded. Eye discomfort was assessed by the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) the score of which ranges from 0 to 100. A score of 12 was used as a cutoff for normal, 13–22 for mild dry eye, 23–32 for moderate dry eye, and ≥ 33 for severe dry eye. Tear film Breakup Time (TBUT) <10 s was taken as abnormal.

Results: In this study, mean (±SD) fluorescein Tear film Breakup Time (TBUT) was 5.89±1.31 sec, Schirmer test without anesthesia was 7.45±2.31mm/5 min, Schirmer test with anesthesia was 9.06±2.06mm/5 min and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) was 34.44±5.64. Mean (±SD) serum vitamin D level ng/mL was 5.89±1.31 ng/mL. 14 (28%) cases were found as insufficient, 33 (66%) cases were deficient and only 3 (6%) cases found to have normal Vitamin D status. Vitamin D level was positively correlated with Tear Breakup Time (TBUT), Schirmer test1 and Schirmer test2 and negatively correlated with OSDI. This correlation was statistically significant for Tear film Breakup Time (TBUT), Schirmer test2 and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI).

Conclusion: Vitamin-D deficiency appears to have an effect on ocular surface parameters in patients with dry eye syndrome.

The Journal of Ad-din Women's Medical College; Vol. 11 (2), July 2023; p 3-8

Commonly Reported Illnesses among the College Students of Birmingham, United Kingdom

Nicolas Habib — 2023-07-10

Introduction: Career of adolescent college students may be influenced by physical illness. However it has not been observed to characterize the common health problems and beverage intake among these students or had been studied less often so, there might have been information gaps in the knowledge in this aspects.

Aim and objectives: The aim of this study was to identify the commonly prevalent health issues among such college going adolescents students in studying the nature of taking beverages and thus to associate if any relation exist(s) between such beverage intake and prevalent illness/disease in these students.

Methodology: This observational type of cross-sectional study was conducted among the adolescents college students (of Year 12 & 13) studying at the University of Birmingham School Sixth Form, England, UK.This study was conducted among the students of University of Birmingham School Campus for about 12 months, (from July 2022 to June 2023). All the 115 students enrolled, for the study population from which 90 samples were drawn using simple random sampling. Data were collected by employing face to face interview through a semi-structured questionnaire during my free time in between class intervals, administrating a face to face interview method.

Results: The mean age of 90-A level students was 16.74 ± 0.59 years, yielding a male predominance (83%). Most students preferred to drink artificial beverage (61%) other than any natural drink (21%). The top most common morbidity was respiratory illness (36%), the largest number among them 15% of who were suffering from upper respiratory tract illness (URTI). While assessing the commonly occurred morbidity (17%) reported to have common cold. Followed by about 1/3^rd of students (33%) had been suffering from neurological diseases, it was the second most common illness and 4% had been suffering from depression and anxiety. when one tenth used to suffer from headache (14%).Using a non-parametric test, it indicated not to yield any association between the food behaviours of beverage intake with any of the prevailing systemic illness among the students.

Conclusion: Students suffered mostly from URTI and/or common cold followed by neurological disorders/headache. The finding thus emphasizes the needs of regular health check-up of these college students, at par

The Journal of Ad-din Women's Medical College; Vol. 11 (2), July 2023; p 9-14

Determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of Tigecycline against Salmonella typhi

Sanjoy Saha — 2023-07-10

Introduction: Typhoid fever, caused by S. Typhi, is prevalent in developing countries, particularly the Indian subcontinent. Salmonella infections can cause enteric fever, gastroenteritis, septicemia, and non-typhoidal Salmonellae (NTS) infections, especially in immunocompromised patients.

Objective: To determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of Tigecycline against Salmonella Typhi.

Methodology: This interventional study conducted at Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics in collaboration with Department of Microbiology at Ad-din Sakina Women’s Medical College, Jashore during March 2023 to April 2023.MIC of Tigecycline was determined by Broth Dilution Technique against standard strain of Salmonella typhi ATCC 24683.

Result: The MIC of Tigecycline against Salmonella typhi was 2.0 μg/ml.

Conclusion: Tigecycline is a potential therapeutic agent for Salmonella typhi infection, and should be restricted on the basis of blood culture and in MDR and XDR cases of typhoid fever only.

The Journal of Ad-din Women's Medical College; Vol. 11 (2), July 2023; p 15-19

Short Term Neurodevelopmental Outcome of Asphyxiated Term Neonates with Maintenance Phenobarbitone Therapy; Preliminary Findings of Ongoing Study in A Tertiary Care Hospital of Bangladesh

Dipa Saha — 2023-07-10

Phenobarbitone (PB) is the most commonly prescribed anticonvulsant worldwide to control neonatal seizure in asphyxiated neonates. In spite of limited clinical evidence regarding the best use of drug, their dose and duration: it appears that long term maintenance use of phenobarbitone might slow psychomotor development. Aim of this study was to assess the neuro developmental morbidity in asphyxiated neonates with long term anticonvulsant. This randomized clinical trial enrolled 79 asphyxiated neonates with HIE-II/ III, gestational age ≥ 35 completed weeks from January 2020-January 2021 where cases were categorized into three groups by lottery method. Group A and B received PHB 4mg/kg/day twice daily for 6 weeks and PHB 2mg/kg/day once daily for 2 weeks respectively while Group C didn’t receive any anti-seizure medication. Neurodevelopmental assessment was done at 6 months of age in every case. Data were analyzed by Chi-square & logistic regression test to find out the outcome. Among 79 cases mean gestational age was 37.74±0.98 weeks, M: F was 3:2 and most of them were inborn (51.4%). At 6 months 49 cases were analyzed, 19 were in group A and 15 cases from group B and 15 cases from group C. Cognitive impairment was found 5.844 times more in group A (52.63%) followed by group B (6.67%) and group C (13.33%) (p= 0.001). Group A had 5.844 times more cognitive impairment than other two groups (P= 0.039). No significant functional impairment in motor, speech, hearing and vision were found among the study groups. This study concluded that prolonged use of maintenance Phenobarbitone may impair cognitive function.

The Journal of Ad-din Women's Medical College; Vol. 11 (2), July 2023; p 20-25

Prevalence of Generalized Anxiety Disorder among Medical Support Staff during COVID-19 Pandemic

Faisal Ahmed — 2023-07-10

Introduction: The pandemic COVID-19 not only caused grievous public health problems but also caused enormous psychological distress, especially among the medical support staff. These mental health issues leading to Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). Ther is a lack of substantial data on psychological effects due to COVID pandemic on Bangladeshi medical health workers. This study aims to provide prevalence of GAD on Bangladeshi health workers

Objective: The study aimed to investigate the prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder among medical support staff (Doctors & Health Care Workers) in some hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic swept over Bangladesh recruited from Dhaka division. Face-to-face interviews were conducted to obtain Socio-demographic data using a semi structured to learn status of the COVID-19 pandemic in those hospitals and anxiety symptoms among those Docs/HCWS.

Result: In this study of total 289 study populations majority (65.7%) were male and (34.3%) were female. With a mean age of 31.09±8.91 years. Majority of them (64.4%) used to work indoor, while 11.1% worked outdoors, 8.0% in emergency department and 16.6% in critical care unit (OT, ICU and HDU). Out of all those Docs/HCWS 51.2% use to be in direct contact with COVID-19 suspected patients feverish or infected, 48.8% did not. More than half of those Docs/HCWS participated less self-protection against COVID-19 of the (55.4%) Docs/HCWS had a little trust in infection control measures practised by the health care authority and just over half (52.2%) were worried on being infected with COVID-19. Among them, 73.4% lived with their family. Nearly 2/3^rd of the participants or persons they were living with (64.7%), didn’t get infected by COVID-19. Among those who looked for COVID-19-related information, 59.6% spent at least 30 minutes daily. The majority of the respondents (58.0%) had minimal anxiety and others had variable levels of generalized anxiety disorder.

Conclusion: Measures should be taken to overcome the obstacles to improve the betterment of the working status and service.

The Journal of Ad-din Women's Medical College; Vol. 11 (2), July 2023; p 26-31

Fast Food Intake Frequency among Young Generation during COVID-19 Pandemic in Selected Area of Dhaka City

Sumaiya Nowshin Monisha — 2023-07-10

Introduction: Fast food is energy dense food with a high amount of refined sugar, wheat, flour, trans-fat, polyunsaturated fat, salt, numerous additives and low nutrient value in terms of protein, fiber, vitamins and mineral content. The nationwide lockdown due to COVID-19 forced people to stay at home for a prolonged period associated with anxiety, and boredom caused by home confinement influenced to change in lifestyle patterns, reduction diet quality and promote overconsumption.

Objective: The study aimed to observe the frequency of junk food consumption among the young generation (15-25 years old) during the COVID-19 Pandemic and compare the change of before and during COVID-19 situation.

Methods & materials: It was a cross-sectional study conducted in different area of north and south city corporation in Dhaka city focusing on the young generation aged 15-25 years old from September 2020 to April 2021. Total sample size was 315 and the sample was selected randomly following the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data was collected from the participant through Online Google Form due to of pandemic issue.

Data Analysis: Collected data was coded and analyzed by using SPSS for Windows, version 20 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). The statistical significance of difference between values was assessed by chi-square test. A probability level of 0.05 or less significant.

Result: The study had found out among the 3-age category from 19-22 years preferred fast food more (64.78%) than others during the pandemic period (p=0.04). Male were taking fast food more than female. Female had increased fast food consumption 12.35% than before and male had increased 15.27% than before (p<0.01). That significantly stated male participants were more influenced by the Pandemic towards fast food. And a significant weight gain (57.14%) was noticed among the 19-22 years age participants, 32.4% male informed to gain weight more than 4kg and 37.4% female1-2 kg during that period. The physical activity level was significantly (p<0.01) dropped during the Pandemic both in male and female participants.

Conclusion: The study exposed during pandemics people were taking fast food relentlessly more (13.81%) than normal period. But in spite of attempting to cut down the unhealthy habit of taking fast food, they couldn’t make it totally because of their slothful life and being quarantine in a long period in the home.

The Journal of Ad-din Women's Medical College; Vol. 11 (2), July 2023; p 32-38

Poster Presentation on Vitamin D [Serum 25(OH) cholecalciferol] Insufficiency is Associated with Childhood Asthma: Recent Findings among Bangladesh Children

Nabila Tabassum — 2023-07-10

Abstract not available

The Journal of Ad-din Women's Medical College; Vol. 11 (2), July 2023; p 65-66

Published Books: Prof. Dr. Sardar Md. Rezaul Islam Reza

Sardar Md Rezaul Islam Reza — 2023-07-10

Abstract not available

The Journal of Ad-din Women's Medical College; Vol. 11 (2), July 2023; p 67-68