IoT-Enabled Automatic Water Level Controller for Remote Monitoring and Management

Abstract

An automatic water level controller plays a crucial role in efficient water management. Such a system offers a convenient and efficient solution for managing water reservoirs and addresses the growing need for effective water management in various applications, from domestic water tanks to industrial reservoirs. The core functionality of the proposed system revolves around real-time water level monitoring within a tank and subsequent pump control based on user-defined thresholds. It consists of sensors to detect water levels, a control unit to process sensor data, and an actuator (usually a pump) to adjust the water level based on control unit decisions. The design considerations encompass the selection of an appropriate non-contact capacitive liquid level sensor, Arduino Uno Rev4 microcontroller, relay module, and water pump. Programming the microcontroller dictates functionalities like pump activation and deactivation at specific water levels. It can also be done remotely by using IoT-based technology. The selection of appropriate electronic components ensures reliable system operation. Software development for the microcontroller involves writing a program to translate sensor readings into control signals for the pump and user interface elements. Rigorous testing procedures are paramount to validate the system’s performance. This includes verifying the accuracy of water level detection by the chosen sensor and ensuring reliable pump control based on the programmed thresholds. By automating water level management, these controllers can conserve water, prevent overflows, and ensure a consistent water supply.

J Bangladesh Agril Univ 24(3): 275–283, 2026