Fractures in the Maxillofacial Region: A Five-Year Retrospective Study

Abstract

Background: The incidence of maxillofacial injuries is on the rise due to motor vehicle accidents and increase in incidence of violence in recent times. The preference of open reduction and internal fixation of various fracture management leads to early recovery of patients. Objective: The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the incidence, aetiology, common age, gender, types, treatment modality and complications. Materials and Methods: The medical records of all cases admitted to Enam Medical College Hospital and some other hospitals were reviewed. The statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS version 200. Results: A total of 215 patients with maxillofacial fractures were included in this study. The most affected age group was 21–30 years with mean 30.69 years (± 14.65). Among them 153 patients were males and 62 were females and the ratio was 2.5:1. Road traffic accidents (RTAs) were the most common cause of maxillofacial fractures (90%). Zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) fracture was more than any other maxillofacial bones (55%) followed by mandibular angle (13.3%) and majority cases (44.89%) were associated with head injuries. Open reduction with internal fixation (ORIF) was the commonest treatment method (95%) utilized in this study. Conclusion: The findings of this study reveal gradual annual increase in the number of cases of maxillofacial trauma. Road traffic accidents (RTA) were the commonest cause and the age group most affected was between 21-30 years. ORIF of these fractures was chosen for its obvious advantages of direct anatomical reduction, early return to function and minimal complications.

J Enam Med Col 2023; 13(1): 29-34