Evaluation of Risk Factors in Patients with Triple Negative Breast Cancer in a Tertiary Hospital

Authors

  • Azmira Khatun Medical Officer, Department of Surgical Oncology, Bangladesh Medical University (BMU), Dhaka.
  • Saifuddin Ahmed Professor and Chairman, Department of Surgical Oncology, Bangladesh Medical University (BMU), Dhaka.
  • Ibrahim Siddique Professor and Chairman, Department of General Surgery, Bangladesh Medical University (BMU), Dhaka.
  • Samia Mubin Professor, Department of Surgical Oncology, Bangladesh Medical University (BMU), Dhaka.
  • Jahangir Hossain Associate Professor, Department of Surgical Oncology, Bangladesh Medical University (BMU), Dhaka.
  • Sabrin Akter Medical Officer, Department of General Surgery, Kurmitola General Hospital, Dhaka.

Keywords:

Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC), Basal-like breast cancer, ER-positive PR-positive HER2-negative breast cancer, HER2 enriched

Abstract

Introduction: Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is known to have high recurrence, poor prognosis and has limited treatment options. This study was designed to evaluate the risk factors associated with patients with breast cancer.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of General Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) from January 2023 to December 2023 where 116 patients were analyzed which included 58 diagnosed cases of TNBC and 58 non-TNBC cases. Both non-modifiable and modifiable risk factors were recorded.

Result: Non-modifiable risk factors, such as family history of breast cancer (22.41% vs. 0%) were significantly associated with TNBC patients while there was no history of family history of breast cancer among non-TNBC respondents. Among TNBC respondents who had the family history of breast cancer underwent gene amplification test and results showed that 84.6% had BRCA1/BRCA2 gene mutation. Other non-modifiable risk factors such as early menarche and early menopause were not significantly associated with TNBC. Modifiable risk factor, such as moderate intensity physical activity had shown significant risk for TNBC (96.6% and 82.8%). However, only 6.9% TNBC respondents had obesity while 17.2% were obese in non TNBC respondents and 62.1% had history of OCP in TNBC while 48.3% respondents had history of OCP in non TNBC patients. No respondents had history of smoking and alcohol.

Conclusion: Family history of breast cancer, gene mutation and moderate physical activity are found significant as risk factors for TNBC.

Journal of Surgical Sciences 2025;29(1): 24-29

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Published

2026-07-20

How to Cite

Azmira Khatun, Saifuddin Ahmed, Ibrahim Siddique, Samia Mubin, Jahangir Hossain, & Sabrin Akter. (2026). Evaluation of Risk Factors in Patients with Triple Negative Breast Cancer in a Tertiary Hospital. Journal of Surgical Sciences, 29(1), 24-29. https://doi.org/10.3329/jss.v29i1.91237

Issue

Vol. 29 No. 1 (2025)

Section

Original Articles

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How to Cite

Azmira Khatun, Saifuddin Ahmed, Ibrahim Siddique, Samia Mubin, Jahangir Hossain, & Sabrin Akter. (2026). Evaluation of Risk Factors in Patients with Triple Negative Breast Cancer in a Tertiary Hospital. Journal of Surgical Sciences, 29(1), 24-29. https://doi.org/10.3329/jss.v29i1.91237