Update Dental College Journal

Impact on life Style Changes and Mental Health of Medical and Non-medical Students During Covid-19 Pandemic

Mon, 27 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Lifestyle is a part of the determinants of people's way of life. It is someone’s way of living; the thing that person or a particular group of people usually do. The relationships of lifestyle changes with a pandemic situation between medical & non-medical should be highly considered. Objectives: To find out the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on lifestyle changes and mental health between medical and non-medical students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 200 respondents in between 8 November 2020 to 9 December 2020, of which 100 students were from medical and 100 were from non-medical backgrounds. A self-administrative structured questionnaire was sent randomly to the medical and non-medical students by using online google form. The informed written consent was taken from the participants and the confidentiality of data were maintained properly. Results: Certain degree of precautionary measures is taken by students to combat Covid-19 pandemic situation, role & source of social media, injecting disinfectant directly into the blood, panic buying during covid-19 and problem facing while using online platform for education purpose had some association where (p<0.05). Descriptive statistics and a chi-square test were performed. Conclusion: Covid-19 pandemic possesses substantial impact on life-style behavior of both medical and non-medical students. However, differences of opinion exist between medical and non-medical students on certain aspects of lifestyle behavior. Findings from this study provide a basis for policy makers to formulate lifestyle guidelines and mental health interventions for Covid19 pandemic.

Update Dent. Coll. j: 2024; 14(1):4-9

Diabetes Mellitus and Oral Health Status: A Case-Control Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh

Mon, 27 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: Diabetes is a long-lasting, inflammation-related metabolic disorder which is diagnosed by hyperglycemia. Increased blood glucose level adversely impacts the inflammatory response to periodontium leading to more severe gingivitis and periodontitis. Therefore, periodontitis and diabetes reciprocally and adversely affect each other.

Objective: To assess and compare the oral health condition of Diabetic and non-Diabetic patients. Method: A case control study was conducted among 100 diabetic and 100 non-diabetic patients. The control group was matched by age and gender. The study was conducted for a period of ten months. A cheek list was prepared to generate the caries and CPITN index (Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs) index.

Result: Dental caries scored at least one was relatively more in non-diabetics (32%) than in diabetics (24%). However, the periodontal diseases (pyorrhea) was more in diabetic patients (89%) in compared to non-diabetics (62%). The odds ratio for CPITN Index indicated that the patients who had periodontitis were about 24 times (OR = 24.00, 95% CI 8.19- 70.26) more likely to have diabetes.

Conclusion: Diabetes is a major issue in oral health care. The evidence also recommends that oral health care providers can have a significant role to provide an operational and progressive effect on the oral health with diabetes mellitus.

Update Dent. Coll. j: 2024; 14(1):10-14

Prevalence of Second-hand and Third-hand Smoke Exposure among the Medical and Dental Students

Mon, 27 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Aim: The main objective is to estimate the prevalence of second-hand smoke (SHS) and third-hand smoke (THS) exposure among the medical and dental students of selected institutes in Bangladesh.

Methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted in March-November, 2014. A total of 501 students were selected by systematic sampling method from two medical colleges [(one govt. and one private)-Dhaka Medical College & East-West Medical College] and two dental [(one govt. and one private)-Dhaka Dental College & Update Dental College] colleges in Dhaka city, Bangladesh. Data were collected using pretested semi-structured questionnaire by face to face interview. First year to final year medical and dental students of mentioned institutes were the population of this study.

Results: Among the respondents 52.3% were male and 47.7% were female. About 86% respondents were nonsmoker. From this study it was found that among the nonsmoker respondents almost all (94.4%) respondents were exposed to SHS. Indoor places were most common site followed by outdoor places for SHS exposure. More than two-third (70.5%) respondents were exposed to THS. Prevalence of THS exposure was more common at institute and home. Prevalence of SHS and THS exposure was significantly associated with gender of the respondents.

Conclusion: The study revealed that, prevalence of students exposed to SHS and THS exposure were very high. Efforts should be made to plan strategy to promote smoke-free policies to protect non-smokers from SHS and THS exposure

Update Dent. Coll. j: 2024; 14(1):15-18

Odontogenic Tumors in Children and Adolescents: A Retrospective Analysis at a Tertiary-Level Health Care Facility in Bangladesh

Mon, 27 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: This study presents the oral and maxillofacial pathological features of several types of odontogenic tumors in children and adolescents less than 18 years of age from a Bangladeshi tertiary-level healthcare facility.

Materials and Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, the World Health Organization (WHO) categorization for head and neck tumors in 2022 was used to assess the frequency of odontogenic tumors in children and adolescents. Data relating to sex, age, and tumor site were retrieved and presented. The Chi-square test was implemented to study the association between gender, age, and site with different types of odontogenic tumors.

Results: A total of 106 cases were found, and all the cases were benign. Ameloblatoma (75.47%) was the most common tumor, followed by odontogenic myxoma (9.44%), cemento-ossifying fibroma (5.66%), and odontoma (4.72%). A male (60.38%) predominance was observed in the gender distribution, but no statistically noteworthy (P = 0.43) relationship was found. Most of the cases were found in the 13–18 age group (63.21%), with a mean age (standard deviation) of 13.01 (2.29) years. There was no statistical significance found between age group and tumor type (P = 0.78). The mandibular (95.28%) predominance was found over the maxilla (4.72%) (Mandible: Maxilla = 20.2:1) and was statistically significant (P= 0.002). In the mandible, the posterior region (88.68%) was mostly affected.

Conclusions: Early detection of odontogenic tumors is rare, and as people aged, they become more common. Ameloblatoma was the most prevalent odontogenic tumor in the jaws, followed by odontogenic myxoma, cemento-ossifying fibroma, and odontoma. Adolescents experience odontogenic tumors more frequently than children do. The mandible was observed to predominate over the maxilla in terms of site distribution. The mandible's posterior portion was primarily affected.

Update Dent. Coll. j: 2024; 14(1):19-23

Nine Years of Evolution of a Clinical Case of Avulsion of a Permanent Tooth

Carmen López-Carriches, Ricardo Taheri , Mª Isabel Leco — Mon, 27 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: A clinical case involving a 13-year-old boy with dental avulsion of his right upper central incisor and a concurrent soft tissue lesion on the lip is presented. The initial treatment involved lip suturing and reimplantation of the avulsed tooth, followed by splinting and bonding for a specified duration.

Methods: Following the initial treatment, a control x-ray at the six-month mark revealed a radiolucent image at the tooth apex, prompting a decision to proceed with root canal treatment. Subsequently, after a period of nine years, the reimplanted tooth exhibited shortening and darkening, though its function remained unaffected.

Results: Despite the observed changes in tooth appearance over the nine-year period, the functionality of the reimplanted tooth was not compromised. The treatment approach involving reimplantation and subsequent root canal treatment proved effective in preserving dental function and aesthetics.

Conclusion: The findings suggest that reimplantation of a permanent tooth following avulsion can serve as an effective long-term treatment strategy. This approach not only preserves dental function and aesthetics but also delays the potential need for implant or prosthesis placement. Therefore, it should be considered as the primary therapeutic option in cases of dental avulsion, emphasizing its role in achieving favorable long-term outcomes.

Update Dent. Coll. j: 2024; 14(1):24-27

Fluoride Varnish Intervention for Caries Prevention in Resource-Limited African Settings- A review

Obehi O Osadolor, Aisosa J Osadolor — Mon, 27 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Fluoride may not be available to some children in African countries due to the non-use of fluoride containing toothpaste, parental perception and awareness of the benefits of fluoride in caries prevention and non-availability of fluoride in community and school water. Fluoride may also not be affordable for children of low socio-economic status in remote areas, slums areas and rural areas. Topical and systemic sources of fluoride, like fluoride drops, fluoride gel,fluoride solution, fluoride mouthrinses, fluoride tablets, and fluoride lozenges, may not be available in resource-poor countries.

Method: An electronic literature search in Google Scholar, African journals online, Science direct and Google was done in August , 2023 using the Population, Concept and Context framework. Search terms and keywords were combined by Boolean operators. Two independent investigators screened titles, abstracts and accessible full texts of publications on fluoride varnish use among African children.

Results: Full text was screened using inclusion criteria. Three articles were included as they were assessed to meet the aim of the review. They were hospital based and school-based studies with comparative, prospective, interventional, and randomized clinical trial and cluster-randomized controlled community trials, respectively

Conclusion: Fluoride varnish can be an intervention for underserved children with white spot carious lesion in remote areas, slums areas and rural areas, and for non-cavitated carious lesions in resource poor settings. It is simple to use with simple armamentarium, More studies from diverse ethnic population in African countries will fill the gaps in knowledge.

Update Dent. Coll. j: 2024; 14(1):28-30

Artificial Intelligence: Illuminating the Future of Periodontology

Rika Singh, Sohini Dingal, Sharmistha Majumder, Akanksha Singh — Mon, 27 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000

AIMS & OBJECTIVES : The application of computer systems to simulate human behavior is known as artificial intelligence (AI). Periodontitis, a prevalent condition worldwide, leads to the deterioration and eventual loss of the tissues supporting teeth. Its diagnosis and treatment are increasingly being supported by AI as a valuable tool for medical practitioners. The objective of this study is to evaluate existing literature concerning the utilization of AI in both the diagnosis and epidemiological analysis of this disease.

MATERIAL & METHOD: After a thorough search in April 2023, 50 papers were found that needed to have their abstracts screened after duplicates were removed. The publications that were chosen covered a broad spectrum of subjects, however the input data and photos were mostly focused on visual imaging.

RESULT: Over the last ten years, the field has experienced substantial expansion, but the variety of statistical tests available for research has resulted in inconsistent reporting of results. It is essential to standardize reporting techniques and methodology to allow meaningful comparisons. By doing this, it will be possible to fully utilize AI's potential to enhance periodontics and implantology diagnosis and therapy.

Update Dent. Coll. j: 2024; 14(1):31-35

Genomics in Personalized Dental Care

Md Ashif Iqbal, S M Shahinul Islam — Mon, 27 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The integration of genomics into dental care marks the advent of precision dentistry, offering transformative potential in diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of oral diseases. Dental practitioners can discover predispositions to diseases including dental caries, periodontal disease, and oral cancer and use this knowledge to tailor treatment. Customized therapies, early interventions, and preventative measures are made possible by genomic insights, which greatly enhance patient outcomes. To guarantee equal access, this encouraging change must address ethical issues, privacy concerns, and financial obstacles. With the progress of research and the growth of multidisciplinary collaborations, dentistry is set to usher in a new era of oral health management by providing more accurate, efficient, and customized patient treatment.

Update Dent. Coll. j: 2024; 14(1):1-3