Journal of Biodiversity Conservation and Bioresource Management

Natural Regeneration Potential of Tree Flora at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Safari Park (Bsmsp), Dulahazara, Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh

MIU Uddin, SS Gupta, MN Ali, MK Hossain — Fri, 16 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The aim of this study was to evaluate the natural regeneration status of tree flora at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Safari Park (BSMSP) in Dulahazara, Cox’s Bazar. Six blocks were created within the safari park to explore regeneration potential. A total of 41 sample plots of 5m × 5m size, each centered in the middle of a 20m × 20m vegetation survey plot, was taken. In total, 835 seedlings representing 56 tree species under 29 families were recorded. Euphorbiaceae was the dominant family with 8 species followed by Myrtaceae (6 species) and Combretaceae (4 species). The highest Family Relative Density (FRD) was represented by Myrtaceae (26.95%) followed by Euphorbiaceae (16.05%) and Dipterocarpaceae (12.93%). Euphorbiaceae showed the maximum Family Relative Diversity Index FRDI (14.29%) followed by Myrtaceae (10.71%) and Combretaceae (7.14%). The highest Family Importance Value Index (FIVI) was observed in Myrtaceae (37.66%), whereas Euphorbiaceae and Dipterocarpaceae represented 30.33% and 18.29%, respectively. Species in the order of descending value of Importance Value Index (IVI) were Syzygium fruticosum (24.10), Aporosa wallichii (12.30), Dipterocarpus costatus (12.10), Dipterocarpus alatus (11.60) and Fernandoa adenophylla (11.60). The regeneration percentage of seed-originated individuals was 72%, whereas the rest 28% individuals were from coppices. The onset of safe guard and preserve trees with proper management could contribute conserving native gene pool contribution to ecotourism.

J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2023, 9(1): 1-12

Composition and Community Structure of Plant Species in A Secondary Growth Forest in the Central Philippines

WA Aureo, TD Reyes Jr — Fri, 16 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Mt. Bandila-an Forest Reserve (MBFR) is among the remaining areas with patches of closed forests in Siquijor. This forest reserve is one of the potential key biodiversity areas in Central Visayas, yet the vegetation is not fully documented. This study was conducted to determine the species composition and diversity of plant species. Eight randomly distributed nested plots, each with a dimension of 20m×100m and subdivided to 5 equal segments of 20m×20m, were established. A total of 188 plant species was recorded from the plots, representing 131 tree species, 23 shrub, 14 vine, 11 herb, and 9 fern species. Common plant families with more than 6 representative species were Moraceae, Rubiaceae, Fabaceae, Araceae, Euphorbiaceae, Meliaceae and Myrtaceae. There were 19 threatened (vulnerable to critically endangered) and 33 endemic species recorded in the forest reserve highlighting the importance to further conserve the area. The cluster analysis and species accumulation curve suggest that plant species are not homogeneously distributed which implies that different management and conservation strategies should be implemented across MBFR. These results not only indicate the importance of MBFR, but also highlight areas with higher diversity and concentration of threatened and endemic species as a special area of concern.

J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2023, 9(1): 13-28

Utilization of Vermicompost and Npk Fertilizers on the Growth, Yield, Nutrient and Protein Content of Mung Bean (Vigna Radiata L.)

R Rifhat, SRI Mitu, M Syed, MK Rahman — Fri, 16 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0000

A pot experiment was conducted in Soil, Water and Environment department, University of Dhaka, during the late rabi season for 60 days with mung bean plants. The study was cnducted to evaluate the interactive effects of vermicompost and NPK fertilizers on mung bean plants’ growth, yield, nutrient and protein content. The trial was laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD) followed by three replications, having ten treatments, including control. The first four treatments contained vermicompost mixed with soil at the rate of 2, 4, 6, and 8 ton ha-1. The other four treatments contained 50% of N12P22K10 kg ha-1, while a single treatment possesses N25P45K20 kg ha-1. The growth and yield contributing parameters, viz. plant height (30 cm), leaf number (18 plant-1), leaf area (152 cm2), branch number (4 plant-1), weight of seed (4.45 g), yield of fresh (17.81 g) and dry (10.32 g) mung bean plant was found maximum with T10 (vermicompost 8 ton ha-1 + N12P22K10 kg ha-1). The mineral nutrient content N (4.69%), P (0.08%) and K (0.65%) attained the highest in the harvested seed in the same T10. The protein content (29.32%) was also found highest in T10. On the basis of the findings, it may be recommended to use VC 8 ton ha-1 plus N12P22K10 kg ha-1 to cultivate the mung bean in the context of Bangladesh.

J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2023, 9(1): 29-40

Study on the Diversity of Genotypic Varieties of Durum Wheat (Triticum Durum Desf.) In the Sub-Humid Region of El Harrouch, Algeria

LN Bourouh, N Souilah, M Boulacel, H Bendif, G Chaib, T Hazmoune — Fri, 16 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The study on the yield parameters and the morpho-biometric characterization of twenty genotypic varieties of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) was carried out in the sub-humid region of El Harrouch of Algeria. A descriptive sheet according to the recommendations of UPOV (2014-2017) and the calculation of the Shannon and Weaver diversity index was prepared with 27 qualitative characters and one quantitative character relating to the different parts of the ear. The yield parameters, such as number of plants/m2, herbaceous tillers, ear tillers, number of ears/m2, number of grains/ear, weight of 1000 grains, grains yield, harvest index, areal biomass, economic yield and straw yield showed a great diversity among these varieties. The Shannon and Weaver index (H') revealed a great diversity of all the studied genotypes (H'=0.52). The high polymorphic characters were the shape of the shoulder of the lower glume (H'=1), the curvature of the beak of the lower glume (H'=0.9), the length of the rachis of the ear (H'=0.87), the disposition barbs (H'=0.86), the length of the hairs of the grain brush (H'=0.84), the hairiness of the first article of the rachis of the ear (H'=0.84) and the length of the first article of the ear (H'=0.81). Based on study result, the varieties suitable to this agro-ecological conditions could be chosen for this region. It is concluded that the creation of descriptive sheets, the knowledge of production and adaptation parameters could be considered as precursors of high yield for economic needs and mastery of production techniques in improvement programs.

J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2023, 9(1): 41-60

Prevalence of Seed-Borne Fungi Associated With Selected Rice Varieties of Brri

S Shamsi, S Chakravorty, S Hosen — Fri, 16 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Selected rice varieties such as BR-78, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 86, 87, 88 and 89 were used in this experiment to investigate the prevalence of seed-borne fungi. A total of twelve fungi belonging to six genera was isolated from the seeds of selected BRRI (Bangladesh Rice Research Institute) rice varieties by using tissue planting method. They were Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler, Aspergillus flavus Link, A. fumigatus Fresenius, A. niger van Tieghem, A. ochraceous Wilhelm, A. terreus Thom, Curvularia lunaata (Wakker) Boedijn, Curvularia sp. 1, Drechslera oryzae Breda de Haan (Subramanian and Jain), Penicillium sp.1, Penicillium sp. 2 and Rhizopus stolonifera (Ehrenb.) Vuill., Among the isolated fungi A. niger was the most prevalent fungi associated with the seeds of the rice varieties with a mean per cent frequency of 16.93 and the least prevalent fungi was A. ochraceous with a mean per cent frequency of 0.27. Mean per cent frequency of A. niger (16.33) was highest which was followed by A. flavus (7.27), Penicillium sp.1 (5.93), Penicillium sp. 2 (3.27), Drechslera oryzae (2.67) and A. terreus (2.53). Among the identified seed-borne fungi Curvularia lunata and Drechslera oryzae were found as pathogenic and cause seed-borne diseases.

J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2023, 9(1): 61-68

Evaluating Soil Fertility and Plant Nutrient Status of Lemon (Citrus Limon L.) Orchards in the North-Eastern Region of Bangladesh

MS Islam, MK Rahman — Fri, 16 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Soil (0 to 15 cm and 15 to 30 cm depth), leaf and fruit samples were collected from seventeen orchards of lemon (Citrus limon L.) from different locations of Habiganj district to evaluate the physicochemical properties, nutrient status of soil, and nutrient concentrations in lemon leaves and fruits. The soil was found to vary pH from extreme to medium acidic (3.9 to 6.0), organic matter content 0.63 to 1.71% at 0 to 15 cm and 0.16 to 1.42% at 15 to 30 cm depth. Electrical Conductivity was found non-saline in nature which was 37.9 to 100.1 μS/cm at 0 to 15 cm and 25.1 to 69.0 μS/cm at 15 to 30 cm depth. The dominant soil textural class was sandy clay loam. The total N, P, K and S in soils were found 0.038 to 0.085%, 0.024 to 0.071%, 0.022 to 0.144%, and 0.040 to 0.294% at 0 to 15 cm depth, respectively and 0.012 to 0.076%, 0.024 to 0.056%, 0.012 to 0.139%, and 0.016 to 0.333% at 15 to 30 cm depth, respectively. Available N was found 20.37 to 67.90 mg/kg at 0 to 15 cm and 20.37 to 74.69 mg/kg at 15 to 30 cm depth. Major soil samples were found low in available phosphorous, 0.35 to 66.95 mg/kg at 0 to 15 cm and 0.83 to 29.19 mg/kg at 15 to 30 cm depth. Available sulphur was also found low in concentration, 4.62 to 68.48 mg/kg at 0 to 15 cm and 2.10 to 15.54 mg/kg at 15 to 30 cm depth. The exchangeable K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ in soils at 0 to 15 cm depth were found 0.040 to 0.221 meq/100g, 0.002 to 0.046 meq/100g and 0.017 to 0.042 meq/100g, respectively and at 15 to 30 cm depth these were found from 0.025 to 0.097 meq/100g, 0.003 to 0.054 meq/100g, and 0.016 to 0.050 meq/100g, respectively. The concentrations of total N, P, K and S in leaf were 1.198 to 2.659%, 0.500 to 0.778%, 0.112 to 0.246% and 0.010 to 0.133%, respectively. The concentrations of total N, P, K and S in fruit were 0.760 to 1.549%, 0.250 to 0.611%, 0.107 to 0.190% and 0.005 to 0.031%, respectively. The present findings illustrated the low to medium soil fertility status under the lemon plantation in the north-eastern region of Bangladesh and growers could be recommended to plant lemons after applying soil amendments to improve the physico-chemical properties of soils in the north-eastern region of Bangladesh.

J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2023, 9(1): 69-78

Towards an Appraisal of Biodiversity in Bangladesh

M Khondker, MAH Bhuiyan, MA Bashar — Fri, 16 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0000

In this paper, the concept of biodiversity has been presented on a historical perspective keeping the visions on Bangladesh via mentioning the primary supporting climatological and physiographic factors of the ecosystems along with their species composition. The total number of microbes, plant, and animal species has been estimated in the range of 10,606-14,913. The varieties of ecosystems present in Bangladesh belong to the broad categories, namely forest, agro-terrestrial, freshwater aquatic, as well as estuarine and marine. Forests cover nearly 17.5% of the total land of Bangladesh having specific categories like tropical wet evergreen and semi-evergreen, tropical moist deciduous, mangrove, freshwater swamp, and homestead forests. Dominant species belonging to those ecosystems were mentioned. The dimension of crop diversity in Bangladesh is very large, but the most common staple food comes from Oryza sativa, Triticum aestivum and Zea mays. The sources of biodiversity for the supply of vegetable and protein have been highlighted. Unique biodiversity in cases of freshwater phytoplankton and aquatic plants has been provided. Results from a case study on butterfly as their qualitative and quantitative biological population dynamics in 34 forest ecosystems of Bangladesh were presented and discussed. The establishment of an open ‘Butterfly Park’ in a National Park reveals that with due course of time the plant-butterfly-wildlife vertebrate species interaction increases with a concomitant increase in the biodiversity. Dominant plant and animal species together with their status as endemic, endangered, threatened, etc. in variously defined ecosystems of Bangladesh were highlighted. Besides, the ways of biodiversity conservation currently in practice in Bangladesh has been mentioned along with the future plans and programs to be implemented. Bangladesh holds a rich history in the starting of biodiversity teaching via developing curricular activities in different teaching institutions throughout the country. The origin and background of this activity was also highlighted. This review will help researchers to address biodiversity related questions on a scientific perspective.

J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2023, 9(1): 79-100

Performance and Nutrient Content of Okra (Abelmoschus Esculentus L. Moench) Fruits as Influenced by Vermicompost, Nitrogen and Zinc Grown in Soil

NN Prity, M Syed, MK Rahman — Fri, 16 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This investigation aimed to assess the influence of soil-applied vermicompost, nitrogen and zinc on the vegetative growth parameters, yield, and mineral nutrient concentration of the fruits of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench). The experiment was laid out in a Completely Randomized Design followed by three replications. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and mean values were compared using Tukey’s Range Test at p ≤ 0.05. Variation in mean values was compared among eight treatments: control (T1), 6 ton ha-1 vermicompost (T2), 60 kg ha-1 N (T3), 2 kg ha-1 Zn (T4), 6 ton ha-1 vermicompost + 60 kg ha-1 N (T5), 60 kg ha-1 N + 2 kg ha-1 Zn (T6), 6 ton ha-1 vermicompost + 2 kg ha-1 Zn (T7), and 6 ton ha-1 vermicompost + 60 kg ha-1 N + 2 kg ha-1 Zn (T8). The maximum growth performance and yield contributing properties of okra, viz. plant height (56 cm), leaf number (11 plant-1), leaf area (14.5 cm2), stem girth (3.5 cm), branch number (8 plant-1), and fruit number (6.50 plant-1), fruit diameter (5.50 cm), fruit length (13.50 cm), and weight of fresh (64.29 g) and dry plant materials (14.56 g), were found in T5. The control T1 performance showed reducing trends compared to other treatments. Although there was no significant difference with the application of vermicompost 6 t ha-1 + N 60 kg ha-1 + Zn 2 kg ha-1 (T8), the treated pot in vermicompost with 6 t ha-1 + N 60 kg ha-1 (T5) showed the best achievements of macro elements N (0.008%), P (6.70 ppm), K (0.08 cmol/kg), and S (18.22 ppm) of post-harvest soil compared to the control T1. Mineral nutrients of fruits N-1.64%, P-0.27%, K-0.30%, S-0.10%, and Fe-0.02% and protein content 10.23% were found to be highest in the identical T5 where Zn content was highest (0.28%) in T8. This study showed that the treatment of vermicompost with 6 t ha-1 + N 60 kg ha-1 (T5) contained and released quality nutrients is recommended for its overall best growth performance for okra.

J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2023, 9(1): 101-108

Insect Diversity and Pollination Effect on Buckwheat (Fagopyrum Esculentum) Yield

MF Akter, MS Hossain, SMM Rahman, MNMA Banu, MM Akhtar — Fri, 16 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The experiment consisted of two different strategies of pollination treatment on buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) flowers, viz. T1=without netting and T2= netting. Pair plot technique was adopted to layout the present experiment with 12 replications. The most abundant species were identified as Apis cerana F. (9.28±2.62) from Hymenoptera and Menocheilus sexmaculatus (8.36±1.05) from Coleoptera foraging the field at 11 A. M., while Syrphus sp. (2.53±1.1) found as dominant species from Diptera order visited the field early in the morning (7 A. M.). Apis cerena and Apis mellifera were found to stay more time on buckwheat flowers. The highest 1000-seed weight (18.39 g) of buckwheat was recorded from the plot without netting (T1), whereas the lowest 1000-seed weight (9.17 g) was recorded from the plot with netting (T2). The highest seed yield per plant of buckwheat was recorded 22.68 g when the plot was without netting (T1) and the lowest was recorded 12.35 g when the plot was netted (T2). The highest yield per plot was recorded (0.8258 kg) when the field was opened for pollinators (T1) and the lowest yield per plot was recorded (0.399 kg) when the field was netted (T2).

J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2023, 9(1): 109-118

A New Species of Jumping Spider Genus Rhene Thorell, 1869 (Araneae: Salticidae) From Bangladesh

V Biswas — Fri, 16 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Abstract not available

j. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2023, 9(1): 119-122