Relationship between Vertical Facial Morphology and Dental Arch Dimensions among Class I Malocclusion Orthodontic Patients

Abstract

Background: Vertical facial morphology constitutes a fundamental parameter in orthodontic assessment and treatment planning. However, the specific relationship between different vertical facial patterns and dental arch dimensions in patients with Class I malocclusion remains inadequately investigated, despite its potential clinical significance for achieving optimal treatment outcomes. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between vertical facial morphology and dental arch dimensions among patients with Angle’s Class I malocclusion. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at Joy Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from January 2022 to December 2023. The study enrolled 120 Class I malocclusion patients (60 males, 60 females; aged 18–35 years) through purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23.0. Results: Among 120 participants (60 males, 60 females), 38 (31.7%) were dolichofacial, 52 (43.3%) mesofacial, and 30 (25.0%) brachyfacial. Brachyfacial subjects exhibited the largest arch dimensions (inter-canine width: 35.4±1.5 mm; inter-molar width: 58.6±2.3 mm; arch length: 47.5±2.0 mm), while dolichofacial subjects showed the smallest (32.1±1.4 mm, 52.4±2.1 mm, and 42.1±1.8 mm, respectively). All differences were statistically significant (p<0.001). Mesofacial subjects demonstrated intermediate values. Conclusion: Vertical facial morphology significantly correlates with dental arch dimensions in Class I malocclusion. Dolichofacial patterns exhibit narrower, shorter arches; brachyfacial patterns display wider, longer arches. Integrating vertical skeletal assessment into orthodontic diagnosis is essential for optimizing treatment outcomes.

Journal of Dentistry and Allied Science, Vol. 9 No 1: 42-50