Antibiotic use patterns and trends in the FDMN population and rural Bangladeshi population: a cross-sectional study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3329/ajmbr.v10i3.71707Keywords:
socioeconomic relationship, commonly used antibiotics, antimicrobial resistance, self-medication, health educationAbstract
Global antibiotic resistance is a pressing issue, especially in Bangladesh, due to its widespread use, poor surveillance, and high treatment costs. This study compared antibiotic use between Rohingya and rural Bangladeshi residents, aiming to predict the frequency and tendency of commonly used antibiotics across different community levels. This was a cross-sectional descriptive study using a questionnaire. It involved Cox's Bazar camp, Tangail, and Bogura rural areas. Most participants were male, with 46.8% graduates and 20.8% untrained from mixed economic backgrounds. The study revealed that 62% adhered to doctors' orders, 28.5% followed pharmacists' recommendations, 6% sourced antibiotics from various places, 3% self-medicated, and 1% relied on advice from friends or relatives. Alarmingly, 25.3% did not complete their antibiotic courses. Age, region, advisor status, and education level were correlated with antibiotic use (P<0.05), whereas socioeconomic status was not. The most commonly used medications among both rural and FDMN populations were azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin, and metronidazole. These findings highlight gaps in antibiotic use and adherence, with many not completing their treatments. Despite educational and economic variations, there is a general lack of concern about AMR, emphasizing the need for better awareness of and adherence to guidelines.
Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. 2024, 10(3), 122-130
Downloads
131
20
References
Abasaeed A, J Vlcek, M Abuelkhair and A Kubena, 2009. Self-medication with antibiotics by the community of Abu Dhabi Emirate, United Arab Emirates. J. Infect. Dev. Ctries., 3: 491-497.
Aftab H, M Miftahussurur, P Subsomwong, F Ahmed, AKA Khan and Y Yamaoka, 2016. Helicobacter pylori antibiotic susceptibility patterns in Bangladesh: Emerging levofloxacin resistance. J. Infect. Dev. Count., 10: 245-253.
Ahmed I, MB Rabbi and S Sultana, 2019. Antibiotic resistance in Bangladesh: A systematic review. Int. J. Infect. Dis., 80: 54-61.
Ajibola O, O Omisakin, A Eze and S Omoleke, 2018. Self-medication with antibiotics, attitude and knowledge of antibiotic resistance among community residents and undergraduate students in Northwest Nigeria. Diseases, 6: 32.
Amitha CD, C Karthikeyan and MJ Paul, 2023. Measures of socio economic status of farmers – A systematic literature review. Rev. App. Soc. Econ. Res., 25: 138-150.
Ariful IM, Z Akhtar, MZ Hassan, S Chowdhury, MM Rashid, MA Aleem, KP Ghosh, S Mah-E-Muneer, S Parveen, MK Ahmmed, MS Ahmed, AK Basher, A Palit, MAAJ Biswas, Z Khan, K Islam, N Debnath, M Rahman and F Chowdhury, 2022. Pattern of antibiotic dispensing at pharmacies according to the WHO access, watch, reserve (AWaRe) classification in Bangladesh. Antibiotics, 11: 247.
Aslam B, W Wang, MI Arshad, M Khurshid, S Muzammil, MH Rasool, MA Nisar, RF Alvi, MA Aslam, MU Qamar, MKF Salamat and Z Baloch, 2018. Antibiotic resistance: a rundown of a global crisis. Infect. Drug Resist., 11: 1645.
Dinleyici EC and R Borrow, 2020. Meningococcal infections among refugees and immigrants: silent threats of past, present and future. Human Vacc. Immunoth., 16: 2781-2786.
Ferdous J, S Sachi, Z Noman, SMAK Hussani, YA Sarker and MH Sikder, 2019. Assessing farmers’ perspective on antibiotic usage and management practices in small-scale layer farms of Mymensingh district, Bangladesh. Vet. World, 12: 1441.
Fernandes R, S Naik, AG Bhat, R Shetty, MH Hande, A Ghafur, M Rao, V Kunhikatta and JPK Pathiraj, 2019. Knowledge assessment of E-bug assisted antimicrobial resistance education module in class vii school students of south Indian coastal town of Manipal. J. Clin. Med., 8: 84.
Frieri M, K Kumar and A Boutin, 2017. Antibiotic resistance. J. Infect. Public Health, 10: 369-378.
Fuller W, O Kapona, AO Aboderin, AT Adeyemo, OI Olatunbosun, L Gahimbare, and YA Ahmed, 2023. Education and awareness on antimicrobial resistance in the WHO African region: A systematic review. Antibiotics, 12: 1613.
Ghany MA, N Fouz and GA Hill-Cawthorne, 2020. Human movement and transmission of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. In: Antibiotic Resistance in the Environment. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry. Edited by: Manaia C, E Donner, I Vaz-Moreira and P Hong, Springer, pp. 311-344.
Hoque R, SM Ahmed, N Naher, MA Islam, EK Rousham, BZ Islam and S Hassan, 2020. Tackling antimicrobial resistance in Bangladesh: A scoping review of policy and practice in human, animal and environment sectors. PLoS One, 15: e0227947.
Horvat OJ, AD Tomas, MMP Kusturica, AV Savkov, DU Bukumirić, ZS Tomić and AJ Sabo, 2017. Is the level of knowledge a predictor of rational antibiotic use in Serbia? PLoS One, 12: e0180799.
Hossain MM, RI Glass and MR Khan, 1982. Antibiotic use in a rural community in Bangladesh. Int. J. Epidemiol., 11: 402-405.
Islam MM, 2020. Bacterial resistance to antibiotics: access, excess, and awareness in Bangladesh. Exp. Rev. Anti-infect. Ther., 19: 973-981.
Islam S, J Aldstadt and D Aga, 2019. Global antimicrobial resistance: a complex and dire threat with few definite answers. Trop. Med. Int. Health, 24: 658-662.
Jablonka A, C Dopfer, C Happle, A Shalabi, M Wetzke, E Hummers, T Friede, S Heinemann, N Hillermann, A Simmenroth and F Müller, 2021. Acute respiratory infections in an adult refugee population: an observational study. NPJ Prim. Care Resp. Med., 31: 50.
Jain P, AK Bepari, PK Sen, T Rafe, R Imtiaz, M Hossain and HM Reza, 2021. High prevalence of multiple antibiotic resistance in clinical E. coli isolates from Bangladesh and prediction of molecular resistance determinants using WGS of an XDR isolate. Sci. Rep., 11: 22859.
Jasmine R, AA Khan, AKM Kamal, AR Karim and MM Haque, 2018. Prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis among Rohingya refugees in Kutupalong camp, Bangladesh. J. Armed Forces Med. Coll., Bangladesh 14: 197-199.
Mahmud ZH, MH Kabir, S Ali, M Moniruzzaman, KM Imran, TN Nafiz, MS Islam, A Hussain, SAI Hakim, M Worth, D Ahmed, D Johnston and N Ahmed, 2020. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in drinking water samples from a forcibly displaced, densely populated community setting in Bangladesh. Front. Public Health, 8: 228.
Makhdum N, N Islam, MH Rumi and MH Rashid, 2022. Knowledge, attitude and practice of rural people on antibiotic usage: Bangladesh perspective. J. Health Man., 24: 213-221.
McNulty CAM, P Boyle, T Nichols, P Clappison and P Davey, 2007. Don’t wear me out - The public’s knowledge of and attitudes to antibiotic use. J. Antimicro. Chem., 59: 727-738.
Napolitano F, MT Izzo, G Di Giuseppe and IF Angelillo, 2013. Public knowledge, attitudes, and experience regarding the use of antibiotics in Italy. PLoS One, 8: e84177.
Olayemi OJ, BO Olayinka and AI Musa, 2010. Evaluation of antibiotic self-medication pattern amongst undergraduate students of Ahmadu Bello University (main campus), Zaria. Res. J. App. Sci. Eng. Tech., 2: 35-38.
Patel PK, P Mehrotra and JB Ladines-Lim, 2022. An opportunity for global antimicrobial stewardship research: Refugee populations. Antimicro. Steward. Healthcare Epidemiol., 2: e23.
Raupach-Rosin H, N Rübsamen, G Schütte, G Raschpichler, PS Chaw and R Mikolajczyk, 2019. Knowledge on antibiotic use, self-reported adherence to antibiotic intake, and knowledge on multidrug resistant pathogens -results of a population-based survey in lower saxony, Germany. Front. Microbiol., 10: 776.
Roess AA, PJ Winch, A Akhter, D Afroz, NA Ali, R Shah, N Begum, HR Seraji, S Arifeen, GL Darmstadt and AH Baqui, 2015. Household animal and human medicine use and animal husbandry practices in rural Bangladesh: risk factors for emerging zoonotic disease and antibiotic resistance. Zoon. Public Health, 62: 569-578.
Samun SM, SM Mannan, MA Younus, M Bayzid, A Ahad, BZ Bupasha and CMS Sarker, 2019. Antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from broilers sold at live bird markets in Chattogram, Bangladesh. J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res., 6: 272-277.
Shibl AM, Z Memish and A Osoba, 2001. Antibiotic resistance in developing countries. J. Chemother., 13: 40-44.
Somashekara S, S Deepalaxmi, D Govindadas, N Jagannath, M Laveesh and B Ramesh, 2014. Retrospective analysis of antibiotic resistance pattern to urinary pathogens in a tertiary care hospital in South India. J. Basic. Clin. Pharm., 5: 105.
Sulis G, S Sayood and S Gandra, 2021. Antimicrobial resistance in low- and middle-income countries: current status and future directions. Exp. Rev. Anti-infect. Ther., 20: 147-160.
Sutradhar KB, A Saha, Huda NH and R Uddin, 2014. Irrational use of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance in southern rural Bangladesh: Perspectives from both the physicians and patients. Ann. Res. Rev. Biol., 4: 1421-1430.
Tahir ARM, XW Ee, AA Rashid, AY Yahaya and NK Devaraj, 2021. The proportion of infectious disease cases, its associated factors, and the appropriateness of antimicrobial prescription among Rohingya refugee pediatric patients in IMARET mobile clinics. J. Immig. Minor. Health, 23: 1159-1169.
Theodore M, 2012. Prevalence and antibiogram of urinary tract infections among prison inmates in Nigeria. Int. J. Microbiol., 3: 2.
Togoobaatar G, N Ikeda, M Ali, M Sonomjamts, S Dashdemberel, R Mori and K Shibuya, 2010. A survey of non-prescribed use of antibiotics for children in an urban community in Mongolia. Bull. World Health Organ., 88: 930-936.
Turner C, P Turner, V Cararra, N Eh Lwe, W Watthanaworawit, NP Day, NJ White, D Goldblatt and F Nosten, 2012. A high burden of respiratory syncytial virus associated pneumonia in children less than two years of age in a South East Asian refugee population. PLoS One, 7: e50100.
Velez R and E Sloand, 2016. Combating antibiotic resistance, mitigating future threats and ongoing initiatives. J. Clin. Nurs., 25: 1886-1889.
Woldegeorgis BZ, AA Kerbo, MS Obsa and TM Mokonnon, 2023. A systematic review and meta-analysis of antimicrobial resistance knowledge, attitudes, and practices: current evidence to build a strong national antimicrobial drug resistance narrative in Ethiopia. PLoS One, 18: e0287042.
World Health Organization, 2015. Antibiotic resistance: Multi-country public awareness survey. World Heatlh Organization, Rome, Italy.
Zhuang M, Y Achmon, Y Cao, X Liang, L Chen, H Wang, BA Siame and KY Leung, 2021. Distribution of antibiotic resistance genes in the environment. Environ. Poll., 285: 117402.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Rasna Sharmin Keya, Ashok Kumar Barman, Salman Istiak Sabbir, Sabiha Shirin Nupur, Nusrat Hasan Kanika
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
