The Role of Probiotics in Periodontal Disease: A Narrative Review

Authors

  • Bansi B Sarvaiya Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Karnavati School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, India
  • Rahnuma Ahmad Department of Physiology, Medical College for Women and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
  • Kona Chowdhury Department of Pediatrics, Enam Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
  • Susmita Sinha Department of Physiology, Enam Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
  • Bhavin Patel Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Karnavati School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, India
  • Shreya Gajjar Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Karnavati School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, India
  • Tanvi Hirani Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Karnavati School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, India
  • Shruti Vyas Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Karnavati School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, India.
  • Megha Sheth Patel Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  • Mainul Haque Department of Research, Karnavati Scientific Research Center, Karnavati School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, India
  • Santosh Kumar Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Karnavati School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v24i2.81548

Keywords:

Periodontal Attachment Loss, Gingival Recession, Alveolar Bone Loss, Periapical Diseases, Peri-Implantitis, Gingival Diseases, Lactobacillaceae, Lactic Acid Bacteria, Dietary Supplements, Mode of Action.

Abstract

Periodontal disorders (PD), also known as gum disease, involve inflammation and infection of the gum and bone tissue, which are preventable and treatable. Many worldwide suffer from such conditions, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Risk factors related to periodontitis include poor oral cleanliness, regular alcohol consumption, betel quid chewing, and intake of tobacco. PD also raises the risk of fatal systemic diseases by provoking systemic inflammation. Oral homeostasis and prevention of periodontitis require healthy microbiota. PD results from alteration of the oral and gut microbiome environment. This host-microbe equilibrium interruption leads to inflammation, and tissue breakdown further acts to nourish the pathogens. There are several surgical and non-surgical means for managing PD. However, the positive impact of probiotics, which include the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, on PD has been noted. Probiotics kindle the immune system and synthesize antiinflammatory cytokines that activate T regulatory cells. They also build antimicrobial molecules and inhibit oral pathogens. This narrative review was done to note the effects of probiotics on PD. The research used electronic search engines, including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. This study indicates that probiotics may be used as adjuvant therapy for gum disease. This may aid in faster healing, and since probiotics are found in accessible food sources like yogurt, the wider population may benefit. Thus, the global population may enjoy excellent oral health and an improved quality of life.

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 24 No. 02 April’25 Page : 331-361     

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Published

2025-05-17

How to Cite

Sarvaiya , B. B., Ahmad, R., Chowdhury , K., Sinha , S., Patel , B., Gajjar , S., … Kumar , S. (2025). The Role of Probiotics in Periodontal Disease: A Narrative Review. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science, 24(2), 331–361 . https://doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v24i2.81548

Issue

Vol. 24 No. 2 (2025)

Section

Review Article

License

Copyright (c) 2025 Bansi B Sarvaiya , Rahnuma Ahmad, Kona Chowdhury , Susmita Sinha , Bhavin Patel , Shreya Gajjar , Tanvi Hirani , Shruti Vyas , Megha Sheth Patel , Mainul Haque , Santosh Kumar

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