Fanconi Anaemia – A Rare Case Report

Abstract

Fanconi anaemia is a rare and most common form of inherited aplastic anaemia. It is mostly autosmal (except one x link) recessive disorder characterized by diverse congenital malformations, progressive pancytopenia, and predisposition to both haematological malignancy and solid tumours. Congenital malformation varies from patient to patient and may affect the skeletal system as well as organ systems. Highly variable phenotypic  presentation with clinical menifestations makes difficult for diagnosis in some cases. Chromosomal breakage study induce by Mitomycin-C (MMC)/Diepoxybutane(DEB) provide a unique cellular marker for the diagnosis.The incidence of FA is approximately 1 to 5 per million. In Bangladesh, so far no study or even any case was reported. In this case report, a two years nine months old male child presented with generalized weakness , recurrent episodes of fever and physical deformities. It was found him short stature, microcephaly, trianguler face,generalized hyperpigmentation with café au lait spots,absent both thumbs with flexor deformity of both wrists. Peripheral smear found bicytopenia, bone marrow aspiration and biopsy showed hypoplastic marrow mildly elevated LDH, X-ray and USG showed bone and organ agenesis and chromosomal breakage study is also positive.