Cancer Treatment Based on the Selective Accumulation of a Photosensitiser and Laser Light Irradiation: A Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v46i3.52248Keywords:
Photodynamic therapy, Photodiagnostics, Photosensitiser, Laser irradiationAbstract
Background: Cancer Photodynamic Therapy (CPDT) is a promising future treatment quality based on the selective accumulation of a photosensitiser in the malignant tissues and the dependent irradiation with laser light.
Objective: The aim of this work was to estimate an optimum effect involves the performance of a photosensitizing agent served by irradiation at a wavelength corresponding to an absorbance band of the sensitizer. In the appearance of oxygen, a series of effects lead to direct tumour cell death and damage to the microvasculature and initiation of a local inflammatory reaction.
Methods: Photosensitiser is a material that sensitizes an organism, cell, or tissue to the light. It is a deeprooted part of CPDT, which absorbed by cancerous cells and exposed to laser light, gets activated, damaging and killing cancer cells. The direct targeting of laser source on hyper proliferative tissue and its preferential origin absorption at the targeted site gives rise CPDT double selectivity with least damage to adjacent normal tissues.
Results: Photosensitiser absorbs the light and then produces an active form of oxygen, which destroys nearby cancer cells. The photosensitiser is able to spoil the blood vessels in the tumour, that way preventing cancer from receiving any necessary nutrients. The light which needed to activate most of the photosensitisers cannot pass through more than about one-third of an inch of tissue, because of that reason, the CPDT is usually used to treat cancer on or just under the skin or on the lining of internal organs. In addition, CPDT may activate the immune system to attack the tumour cells, directly killing cancer cells.
Conclusion: This review focuses on the aspects of CPDT as an advanced and original site directed therapy for cancer treatment and the other non-oncogenic diseases. Minimal average of tissue toxicity controlled a long-term morbidity, deficiency of intrinsic or acquired resistance mechanisms.
Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2020; 46(3): 150-153
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