Serum thyroid autoantibodies in malignant thyroid nodules
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3329/bsmmuj.v17i3.74632Keywords:
thyroid nodule, thyroid cancer, thyroid peroxidase antibody, thyroglobulin antibodyAbstract
Background: Thyroid cancer is one of the most common malignant tumours of the endocrine system. Thyroid autoantibodies were reported to be associated with malignant thyroid nodules. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of serum thyroid autoantibody levels for malignant thyroid nodules.
Methods: From March 2023 to January 2024, we recruited 104 consecutive patients with thyroid nodules confirmed by ultrasonography in three departments of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University. Out of these, 52 were diagnosed with malignant thyroid nodules using fine needle aspiration cytology, while the remaining 52 had benign thyroid nodules. Serum thyroid autoantibodies were measured using the immunoassay technique.
Results: The mean levels of serum thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) were significantly higher (P<0.001) in the malignant group compared to the benign group (36.1 versus 24.0 IU/mL). The mean levels of serum thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb) were also significantly higher (P<0.001) in the malignant group (39.8 IU/mL versus 29.1 IU/mL). Elevated TPOAb (>40 IU/mL) and TgAb (>35 IU/mL) showed reasonable accuracy (60% to 65%) in detecting malignancy of thyroid nodules.
Conclusions: Thyroid malignancy is positively associated with TgAb and TPOAb. Therefore, thyroid autoantibodies could be considered for screening malignancy in thyroid nodules.
Downloads
307
294 Review report
26
References
American Thyroid Association (ATA) Guidelines Taskforce on Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer; Cooper DS, Doherty GM, Haugen BR, Kloos RT, Lee SL, Mandel SJ, Mazzaferri EL, McIver B, Pacini F, Schlumberger M, Sherman SI, Steward DL, Tuttle RM. Revised American Thyroid Association management guidelines for patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid. 2009 Nov;19(11):1167-1214. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2009.0110
Gharib H, Papini E, Paschke R, Duick DS, Valcavi R, Hegedüs L, Vitti P; AACE/AME/ETA Task Force on Thyroid Nodules. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, Associazione Medici Endocrinologi, and European Association Medical Guidelines for Clinical Practice for the Diagnosis and Management of Thyroid Nodules. Endocr Pract. 2010 May-Jun;16 Suppl 1:1-43. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4158/10024.GL
Davies L, Welch HG. Current thyroid cancer trends in the United States. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2014 Apr;140(4):317-322. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoto.2014.1
Shah BR, Griffiths R, Hall SF. Thyroid cancer incidence among Asian immigrants to Ontario, Canada: A population-based cohort study. Cancer. 2017 Sep 1;123(17):3320-3325. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.30746
Panato C, Vaccarella S, Dal Maso L, Basu P, Franceschi S, Serraino D, Wang K, Lei F, Chen Q, Huang B, Mathew A. Thyroid Cancer Incidence in India Between 2006 and 2014 and Impact of Overdiagnosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020 Aug 1;105(8):2507–2514. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgaa192
Pellegriti G, Frasca F, Regalbuto C, Squatrito S, Vigneri R. Worldwide increasing incidence of thyroid cancer: update on epidemiology and risk factors. J Cancer Epidemiol. 2013;2013:965212. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/965212
Bogović Crnčić T, Ilić Tomaš M, Girotto N, Grbac Ivanković S. Risk Factors for Thyroid Cancer: What Do We Know So Far? Acta Clin Croat. 2020 Jun;59(Suppl 1):66-72. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20471/acc.2020.59.s1.08
Xiao Y, Zhou Q, Xu Y, Yuan SL, Liu QA. Positive thyroid antibodies and risk of thyroid cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Mol Clin Oncol. 2019 Sep;11(3):234-242. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2019.1886
Spencer CA. Clinical review: Clinical utility of thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) measurements for patients with differentiated thyroid cancers (DTC). J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011 Dec;96(12):3615-3627. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2011-1740
Kim ES, Lim DJ, Baek KH, Lee JM, Kim MK, Kwon HS, Song KH, Kang MI, Cha BY, Lee KW, Son HY. Thyroglobulin antibody is associated with increased cancer risk in thyroid nodules. Thyroid. 2010 Aug;20(8):885-891. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2009.0384
Welker MJ, Orlov D. Thyroid nodules. American family physician. 2003 Feb 1;67(3):559-567. PMID: 12588078
Glueck DH. Sample size calculations in clinical research 2nd edition by CHOW, S.-C., SHAO, J., and WANG, H. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0420.2008.01138_10.x
Qin J, Yu Z, Guan H, Shi L, Liu Y, Zhao N, Shan Z, Han C, Li Y, Teng W. High Thyroglobulin Antibody Levels Increase the Risk of Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma. Dis Markers. 2015;2015:648670. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/648670
Dash R, Mohapatra A, Manjunathswamy BS. Anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody in vitiligo: a prevalence study. J Thyroid Res. 2015;2015:192736. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/192736
Baratloo A, Hosseini M, Negida A, El Ashal G. Part 1: Simple Definition and Calculation of Accuracy, Sensitivity and Specificity. Emerg (Tehran). 2015 Spring;3(2):48-49. PMID: 26495380
Pervin S, Mahmud F, Keya SA, Ullah P. Serum Thyroglobulin Antibody as a Tumor Marker in Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma and its Correlation with FNAC and Histopathology. Sch J App Med Sci. 2022 Mar;3:350-356. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36347/sjams.2022.v10i03.013
Boi F, Lai ML, Marziani B, Minerba L, Faa G, Mariotti S. High prevalence of suspicious cytology in thyroid nodules associated with positive thyroid autoantibodies. Eur J Endocrinol. 2005 Nov;153(5):637-642. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1530/eje.1.02020
Krátký J, Ježková J, Kosák M, Vítková H, Bartáková J, Mráz M, Lukáš J, Límanová Z, Jiskra J. Positive Antithyroid Antibodies and Nonsuppressed TSH Are Associated with Thyroid Cancer: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Endocrinol. 2018 Sep 6;2018:9793850. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/9793850
Wong SL, Grodski S, Yeung MJ, Serpell JW. Anti-thyroid antibodies as a predictor of thyroid cancer. ANZ J Surg. 2015 Nov;85(11):849-853. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ans.12453
Sinclair D. Clinical and laboratory aspects of thyroid autoantibodies. Ann Clin Biochem. 2006 May;43(Pt 3):173-183. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1258/000456306776865043
Lupoli GA, Okosieme OE, Evans C, Clark PM, Pickett AJ, Premawardhana LD, Lupoli G, Lazarus JH. Prognostic significance of thyroglobulin antibody epitopes in differentiated thyroid cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015 Jan;100(1):100-108. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2014-2725
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Towhidur Rahman Awal, Sadia Islam Nabila, Mst. Shaila Yesmin, Debatosh Paul, Shahjada Selim, Nayla Islam
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
