Investigation of Thermomagnetic Convective Flow in a Vertical Layer of Ethylene Glycol Based Magnetic Fluid Under the Effect of Inclined Magnetic Field

Abstract

The linear stability of thermomagnetic convection in the ethylene glycol based magnetic fluid layer enclosed by two differentially heated walls. Ethylene glycol (C2H6O2) is a colourless and sweet tasting viscous liquid. The goal of this article is to examine the impacts of thermo-gravitational buoyancy and magnetic forces due to the effects of orientation angle and intensity of magnetic field. The pseudo-spectral Chebyshev expansion technique is employed using Matlab software to produce the suitable numerical results. The intensity and inclination angle of the applied magnetic field play a critical role in stabilization in the flow domain. The destabilizing magnetic field variation effect is most pronounced in close to walls, particularly near the cold wall. However, viscous dissipation near the cold wall is likewise greater than that near the hot wall. As a result, the general instability pattern moves to the hot wall. Gravitational buoyancy due to thermal effects drives the instability more than magnetic effects. The magnetic fluids that are less sensitive to thermomagnetic changes than their more sensitive counterparts exhibit greater stability in the flow domain. With disregard for the linear magnetization rule, the differences in the critical values of the wave number, wave speed, and magnetic Grashof number are more pronounced for field orientation angles between 0o and 90o. However, the results reveal that variations in Prandtl number, Pr significantly influence the growth rate and stability characteristics of the flow. The higher Prandtl numbers Pr tend to enhance the stabilizing effects of the magnetic field, delaying the onset of instability, whereas lower values promote thermal diffusion and shift the instability thresholds accordingly. This comparative analysis elucidates the critical role of thermal transport properties in conjunction with magnetic and buoyant forces, offering valuable insight into the underlying physical mechanisms governing MHD boundary layer stability.

GANITJ. Bangladesh Math. Soc. 46.3 (2026) 068–081