Seroepidemiology and associated risk factors of brucellosis in small ruminants of district Khanewal, Pakistan

Authors

  • Abdul Sammad Ali Khan Shirwany One Health Research Laboratory, Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
  • Mian Muhammad Awais One Health Research Laboratory, Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
  • Muhammad Irfan Anwar One Health Research Laboratory, Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
  • Muhammad Raza Hameed One Health Research Laboratory, Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
  • Masood Akhtar One Health Research Laboratory, Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
  • Nabeel Ijaz Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
  • Shakera Sadiq Gill Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
  • Muhammad Amjad Ali Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
  • Muhammad Sibtain Bhatti Livestock and Dairy Development Department, Directorate of Multan Division, Multan, Pakistan
  • Mamoona Chaudhry Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan

Keywords:

Brucellosis; small ruminants; seroprevalence; RBPT; indirect-ELISA; risk factors; Khanewal-Pakistan

Abstract

Objectives: Keeping in view the economic and veterinary public health importance of brucellosis, this research was conducted to determine its seroprevalence and associated risk determinants in small ruminants in district Khanewal, Southern Punjab, Pakistan. Materials and Methods: Two-stage cluster sampling technique was used for sampling, and the sample size was calculated using C-survey 2.0. Accordingly, sera samples (n = 392) were collected from small ruminants in the study area from October 2022 to July 2023. All the samples were tested for the presence of anti-Brucella antibodies by Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT), followed by confirmation of all the samples using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit (ID.vet®, France; sensitivity and specificity=100%, each). Results: The seropositivity rate of brucellosis was 7.14% [n = 28/392; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 4.87%–10.12%] by RBPT, whereas the results of ELISA showed an overall seroprevalence rate of 7.40% (n = 29/392; 95% CI = 5.11%–10.37%) in the study population. Univariate analysis of risk factors revealed that abortion history (AH), retained fetal membranes (RFMs), repeat breeding, flock size (FS), educational status of farmers (ESFs), awareness about brucellosis (AB), and farm hygiene had a significant association with the seroprevalence of brucellosis (p < 0.05). The multivariate analysis using a binary logistic regression model revealed that variables including tehsil, FS, AH, RFM, ESF, AB, and farming system were significant factors (p < 0.05) associated with brucellosis in the target population. Conclusion: Brucellosis is prevalent in small ruminants in Khanewal, Pakistan. The disease burden can be reduced by improving the reproductive health of animals, farm hygiene, and farmers’ awareness about the diseases. Further studies are needed on a larger scale to devise stringent disease control strategies to avoid losses associated with brucellosis at regional, national, and global levels.

Adv. Vet. Anim. Res., 11(1): 9-18, March 2024

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Published

2024-03-12

How to Cite

Shirwany, A. S. A. K., Awais, M. M., Anwar, M. I., Hameed, M. R., Akhtar, M., Ijaz, N., Gill, S. S., Ali, M. A., Bhatti, M. S., & Chaudhry, M. (2024). Seroepidemiology and associated risk factors of brucellosis in small ruminants of district Khanewal, Pakistan. Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research, 11(1), 9–18. Retrieved from https://banglajol.info/index.php/JAVAR/article/view/75890

Issue

Vol. 11 No. 1 (2024)

Section

Original Articles

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Copyright (c) 2024 Abdul Sammad Ali Khan Shirwany

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