Antimicrobial usage assessment and the factors associated among small-scale household dairy farms in a district of southern India.

Authors

  • Shwetha Prabhu Department of Global Public Health Policy and Governance, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India. https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4615-995X
  • Rinila Das Department of Global Public Health Policy and Governance, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India. https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5897-6237
  • Arun Kharate Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Veterinary College, Nandinagar, Bidar, India.
  • Ajith M Nayak Department of Renal Replacement Therapy and Dialysis Technology, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7683-1239
  • Navya Vyas Department of Global Public Health Policy and Governance, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4292-2463

Keywords:

Antimicrobial resistance; veterinary public health; dairy farms; food security; disease control.

Abstract

Objective: The study was primarily conducted to assess antimicrobial usage, associated factors, and animal health management practices in small-scale household dairy farms in a district of southern India. Materials and Methods: A total of 330 dairy farmers participated in the study, and single-stage cluster sampling was performed, followed by probability proportional to size sampling. A semi-structured, validated questionnaire and a checklist were used to collect the data. Results: Only a few dairy farmers knew about antimicrobials (33%) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) (10.9%). All 330 dairy farmers were using antimicrobials. The factors that influenced dairy farmers’ decisions to use antimicrobials for their cattle were veterinarian advice (100%), para-veterinarian advice (96.3%), peer influence (31.2%), and previous experience of using antimicrobials (12.4%). None of them were aware of the drug withdrawal period and followed it. Significant differences in completing the full course of antimicrobial treatment as prescribed have been observed with increasing levels of education (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Despite the wide usage of antimicrobials in dairy farms, there was a significant lack of knowledge among dairy farmers regarding antimicrobials and AMR. The study emphasizes the need for targeted educational interventions to improve farmers’ understanding of antimicrobial use and resistance, promote responsible practices, and enhance animal health management.

J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res., 12(2): 445–453, June 2025

http://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2025.l911

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Published

2025-09-17

How to Cite

Prabhu, S., Das, R., Kharate, A., Nayak, A. M., & Vyas, N. (2025). Antimicrobial usage assessment and the factors associated among small-scale household dairy farms in a district of southern India. Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research, 12(2), 445–453. Retrieved from https://banglajol.info/index.php/JAVAR/article/view/83539

Issue

Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025)

Section

Original Articles

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Copyright (c) 2025 Shwetha Prabhu, Rinila Das, Arun Kharate, Ajith M Nayak, Navya Vyas

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