Diagnostic and vaccination challenges in the PPR pre-eradication era: Identifying gaps and potential unintended consequences
Keywords:
Peste des petits ruminants virus; PPR eradication; PPR mass vaccination; unintended consequences of eradicationAbstract
Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a transboundary, highly contagious, notifiable, viral disease of small ruminants. In recognition of its global threat and socioeconomic impact, the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) have targeted PPR for eradication by 2030, accelerating the need for robust diagnostic, surveillance, and vaccination strategies. This review synthesizes global efforts toward PPR eradication, with a particular focus on diagnostic efficacy, vaccination coverage, and the persistent challenges that hinder progress. It also addresses concerns raised in the 2024 WOAH/FAO technical review regarding potential unintended consequences of eradication—namely, the ecological niche left by rinderpest and PPR that may allow the emergence or spread of other morbilliviruses. A literature search was conducted using peer-reviewed articles (2015–2025) and recent FAO/WOAH reports. Key gaps were identified in vaccine deployment, differentiating infected from vaccinated animals capability, and field diagnostics in addition to the potential unintended consequences of eradication. Finally, we advocate for the integration of predictive modeling to assess the risk of disease reintroduction and host spillover and for embedding these insights into future eradication policies.
J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res., 12(4): 1259–1274, December 2025
Downloads
12
12
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Reham Karam, Yahya Aljasem, Saleh Alrashedi, Ali Alhafufi, Mohammed Abuhaimed, Hassan Albaqshi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
