Interictal EEG findings in Neonatal Seizures and their role on Prediction of Neurodevelopmental Outcome
Keywords:
Neonatal seizure, EEG, Neurodevelopment outcomeAbstract
Background: Seizure is a common symptom of many serious neurological disorders in newborn. There are several neurodevelopmental consequences after neonatal seizures. Electroencephalogram (EEG) is one of the tools to assess the brain status. Different EEG changes are found in neonatal seizure, like burst suppression, focal discharge, discontinued pattern, electrical inactivity etc. Burst suppression, low voltage, trace discontinue, trace alternance are common background abnormalities. Knowledge about the relation of abnormal EEG and neurodevelopmental outcomes may be helpful for early identification & proper intervention as well to prevent poor neurodevelopmental outcome.
Objective: The aim of the study was to observe the relation of EEG changes and short term neurodevelopmental outcome of neonates with seizure.
Method: This longitudinal cohort study was done in a tertiary care center in Bangladesh. . Neonates who had at least one episode of seizure and an EEG in the neonatal period were enrolled in the study. EEG was interpreted by a neurophysiologist and a Pediatric neurologist independently. EEG findings along with clinical and laboratory data were recorded. All infants were followed up at 3 months clinically and developmental assessment was done with Rapid Neurodevelopmental Assessment tools. All data were recorded in a structured questionnaire.
Result: Total 76 infants were enrolled, among them 16 were excluded. Among the study subject, 52% were male. The commonest seizure type was clonic seizure; About 40% of the neonates had perinatal asphyxia. Overall, 68% of EEG were abnormal; background abnormality was present in 42% of cases. At 3 months follow up, 68% of infants were found with at least one form of developmental impairment and seizure persisted in 42% subjects. Abnormal EEG background was significantly related to developmental impairment and subsequent epilepsy.
Conclusion: In this study, infants who had at least one abnormal EEG had adverse neurodevelopmental outcome. Burst suppression pattern in EEG was mostly associated with poor outcome. Moreover, about one third of the infants with abnormal EEG had epilepsy at 3 month follow up.
J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2026; 44: 176-181
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