Assessment of Fish Production, Species Composition and Livelihood Constraints in Batticaloa Lagoon, Sri Lanka

Abstract

In recent years, the demand and consumption for fish have increased significantly. Sri Lanka possesses abundant inland water resources, including lagoons; however, comprehensive data on fish production in these ecosystems remain limited. This study was conducted to assess the current status of fish production in Batticaloa Lagoon, with specific objectives of quantifying total yield, identifying major fishing methods and key species, and examining seasonal variations in fish production. A field survey was carried out using a pre-tested structured questionnaire, and fifty fishers were selected through cluster-based random sampling and also data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. The results revealed that 74% of respondents depended on fishing as their primary occupation, while 26% engaged in it as a secondary livelihood activity. The peak fishing season occurred from September to March, coinciding with the direct connection between the lagoon and the sea. The dominant fish species recorded were tilapia (16%), catfish (15%), herrings (14%), and Gerres spp. (11%), while crabs (1%) were harvested in smaller quantities. Despite high demand and market value for crabs and prawns, marketing facilities were found to be inadequate, with most fish sold in local markets or roadside stalls. Major constraints included adverse weather conditions, inadequate fishing equipment, low yields, poor market prices, limited credit access, and poverty. Strengthening market infrastructure, extension services, and financial support systems is essential to enhance the livelihoods of fishing communities.

SAARC J. Agric., 24(1): 203-216 (2026)