Role of serum β2m in predicting severity of Coronary artery disease

Abstract

Background: Coronary artery disease is the principal cause of disability and mortality worldwide. Its prevalence is increasing around world. It is about 75% of deaths occurring in developing countries like Bangladesh. It is very important to know about the inflammatory risk factors of coronary artery disease for early assessment of coronary artery disease. Serumβ₂-microglobulin (²2m) is a newly identified biomarker that has been found to increase in patients with coronary artery disease. Aims: To determine the role of â2m in predicting the severity of coronary artery disease.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in Department of Cardiology and Laboratory Medicine, BSMMU, Shahbag, Dhaka during March 2017 to February 2018. Total seventy four patients who underwent coronary angiography as per criteria where included in this study. Serum β₂-microglobulin (²2m)was done before angiography procedure by indirect ELISA method and severity of coronary artery disease was assessed by extent of diseased coronary vessels and SYNTAX score.

Results: β₂-microglobulin level was found higher (≥3/ml) in coronary artery disease patients which was statistically significant (p<0.001).β₂-microglobulin was also correlated with number of diseased coronary vessels (r=0.562, p<0.001). Mean â2m level was found 4.48±0.95 μg/ml with range from 3-6.1 μg/ml and the mean SYNTAX score was found 16.27±08.99 with the range from 1 to 44. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was done between â2m level and SYNTAX score. Then the result is r=0.547 and p<0.001. Therefore, there was a positive correlation between â2m level and SYNTAX score. The area under the receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curves ²2m cut off value of 3.6 with 81.4% sensitivity and 86.7% specificity as the value for identifying the coronary artery disease.

Conclusion: Our study revealed that β₂-microglobulin effectively correlates with the severity of coronary artery disease. So it may be used as a reliable marker for assessment of coronary artery disease severity.

University Heart Journal Vol. 16, No. 1, Jan 2020; 22-27