Clinical Characteristics of Acute Chikungunya Cases at IAHS Hospital

Abstract

Background: Between April and September 2017, Bangladesh experienced a major outbreak of acute Chikungunya Virus (CHIKV) infection. Since then, Chikungunya has become a common cause of acute febrile illness associated with joint pain in the country. During outbreaks, dengue infection frequently co-circulates and presents with overlapping clinical features, creating diagnostic challenges. To describe the clinical and laboratory characteristics of acute Chikungunya virus infection among patients attending IAHS Hospital.

Materials and methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in the Outpatient Department of Medicine at IAHS Hospital from March 2025 to August 2025 on 50 patients. Cases presenting with acute febrile illness and joint symptoms were evaluated clinically and investigated serologically. Anti-Chikungunya IgM antibody testing was performed for laboratory confirmation.

Results: Fever and joint swelling were present in 100% of patients. Rash and generalized weakness were observed in 80% and 90% of cases, respectively. Male patients constituted 60% of the study population. Lymphadenopathy was noted in 40% of patients. An oligoarticular pattern of joint involvement (60%) was more common than a polyarticular pattern (40%). Large joint involvement predominated, with ankle joint involvement seen in 80% of cases. All patients were positive for anti-Chikungunya IgM antibodies. Dengue–Chikungunya co-infection was identified in four patients.

Conclusion: Chikungunya virus infection is an important cause of acute febrile illness with joint pain in Bangladesh. Given its clinical overlap with dengue and other febrile illnesses, accurate laboratory confirmation is essential for appropriate diagnosis and management.

IAHS Medical Journal Vol 8(2), December 2025; 19-23