Epidemiological Assessment of Disease Burden and DemographicCharacteristics among the Patients Attending inIAHS Hospital of Chattogram in Bangladesh

Abstract

Background: Evaluation of disease patterns and demographic characteristics in hospital populations is essential for understanding local epidemiology and guiding healthcare planning. In many South-Asian settings, infectious diseases continue to account for a large proportion of hospital cases despite the growing burden of noncommunicable conditions. To assess the disease profile, demographic distribution and predictors of infectious disease burden among patients attending a tertiary care hospital was observed by this research.

Materials and methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted from January to October 2025 included 2885 patients of all age groups and both gender. Data were collected retrospectively from hospital disease registry records using a structured format. Variables included age, gender and clinical diagnoses such as dengue fever, enteric fever, acute gastroenteritis, tuberculosis, anxiety disorder, malignancy and others. Diseases were categorized into infectious and non-infectious groups. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize disease distribution. Chi-square test assessed associations between gender and disease pattern, while multivariate logistic regression analysis identified independent predictors of infectious disease burden. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: Infectious diseases predominated within the study population, with dengue fever (45.4%) and enteric fever (30.9%) representing the most common conditions. The majority of patients belonged to the 31–50 years age group. Gender-wise comparison showed no significant difference for most diseases except tuberculosis, which was more frequent among males (p 0.03). Monthly trend analysis revealed a gradual increase in dengue and enteric fever cases, indicating possible seasonal influence. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that age (Adjusted OR=1.03, p 0.002) and anxiety disorder (Adjusted OR=1.74, p 0.014) were significant predictors of infectious disease burden.

Conclusion: Infectious diseases remain the dominant clinical burden in this hospital attending population, particularly among middle-aged adults. Targeted surveillance, preventive interventions and demographic risk assessment are essential to reduce disease impact in resource-limited healthcare settings.

IAHS Medical Journal Vol 8(2), December 2025; 24-28