Isolation and molecular characterization of the hemagglutinin gene of H9N2 avian influenza viruses from poultry in Java, Indonesia

Authors

  • Christian Marco Hadi Nugroho Doctoral Program Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
  • Otto Sahat Martua Silaen Animal Health Diagnostic Unit, PT Medika Satwa Laboratories, Bogor, Indonesia.
  • Ryan Septa Kurnia Doctoral Program Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
  • Retno Damajanti Soejoedono Department of Animal Diseases and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia.
  • Okti Nadia Poetri Department of Animal Diseases and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia.
  • Amin Soebandrio Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia.

Keywords:

Avian influenza; HA gene; layer; phylogenetic analysis; sequencing; H9N2

Abstract

Objective: The avian influenza virus (AIV) subtype H9N2 circulating in Indonesia has raised increasing concern about its impact on poultry and its public health risks. In this study, the H9N2 virus from chicken poultry farms in Java was isolated and characterized molecularly.  Materials and Methods: Thirty-three pooled samples of chicken brain, cloacal swab, trachea, and oviduct were taken from multiple chickens infected with AIV in five regions of Java, Indonesia. The samples were isolated from specific pathogenic-free embryonated eggs that were 9 days old. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and sequencing were used to identify H9N2 viruses.  Results: This study was successful in detecting and characterizing 13 H9N2 isolates. The sequenc­ing analysis of hemagglutinin genes revealed a 96.9%–98.8% similarity to the H9N2 AIV isolated from Vietnam in 2014 (A/muscovy duck/Vietnam/LBM719/2014). According to the phylogenetic analysis, all recent H9N2 viruses were members of the lineage Y280 and clade h9.4.2.5. Nine of the H9N2 isolates studied showed PSKSSR↓GLF motifs at the cleavage site, while four had PSKSSR↓GLF. Notably, all contemporary viruses have leucine (L) at position 216 in the recep­tor-binding region, indicating that the virus can interact with a human-like receptor.  Conclusion: This study described the features of recent H9N2 viruses spreading in Java’s poul­try industry. Additionally, H9N2 infection prevention and management must be implemented to avoid the occurrence of virus mutations in the Indonesian poultry industry.

J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res., 8(2): 423-434, June 2021

http://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2021.h530

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Published

2021-09-19

How to Cite

Nugroho, C. M. H., Silaen, O. S. M., Kurnia, R. S., Soejoedono, R. D., Poetri, O. N., & Soebandrio, A. (2021). Isolation and molecular characterization of the hemagglutinin gene of H9N2 avian influenza viruses from poultry in Java, Indonesia. Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research, 8(3), 423–434. Retrieved from https://banglajol.info/index.php/JAVAR/article/view/76392

Issue

Vol. 8 No. 3 (2021)

Section

Original Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2021 Christian Marco Hadi Nugroho, Otto Sahat Martua Silaen, Ryan Septa Kurnia, Retno Damajanti Soejoedono, Okti Nadia Poetri, Amin Soebandrio

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