Exploring the Disaster Coping Mechanisms and Vulnerability of the Bede Community in Munshiganj

Abstract

The Bede community of Munshiganj, Bangladesh, is an indigenous, traditionally nomadic group known for its distinctive cultural heritage. Historically, their occupation has depended on snake-related activities such as snake-catching, snake-charming, treating snake bites, and selling plant-based medicines in rural and semi-urban areas. The Bede people are highly vulnerable to disasters due to their nomadic lifestyle, socio-economic marginalization, and dependence on natural resources. They are largely excluded from basic rights, mainly mainstream social, economic, and political rights, and most of them do not have permanent settlements. They usually live on boats or in low-lying slum areas, making them particularly at risk of floods, cyclones, and other hazards. They have poor housing, insecure locations, and limited access to disaster-protective infrastructure, which exacerbates their vulnerability. This study used both quantitative and qualitative methods, including structured questionnaire surveys, field observations, and case studies, to evaluate the disaster vulnerability of the Bede community in the Munshiganj district. Data collection in the study mainly focused on understanding their current livelihood conditions, identifying the factors responsible for disaster risk, and documenting coping strategies. The study found that the Bede community in Munshiganj faces several interrelated factors that increase their disaster vulnerability. Their housing structures are very weak and unable to withstand severe weather events. On the other hand, they have poor road connectivity, limited access to safe locations, and low levels of disaster awareness and essential services during emergencies. Economic and political exclusion from mainstream society imposed restrictions on their ability to secure resources and support. Strengthened collaboration between government agencies and NGOs is essential to deliver sustainable, community-specific measures to reduce disaster risk that address both current and long-term policy requirements for the Bede people. 

Social Science Review [The Dhaka University Studies, Part-D], Vol.43, No.1, June 2026, pp. 247-268.