Fasting glycaemia is a predictor of outcome after acute myocardial infarction

Abstract

Background: Patients with recent myocardial infarction have an increased incidence of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and new-onset diabetes. There is a clear relationship between elevated fasting glucose during acute myocardial infarction and increased mortality and morbidity risk.

Objective: To find out the impact of fasting glycaemia as a predictor of outcome of patients with acute myocardial infarction.

Methods: A total of 102 patients with acute myocardial infarction of first attack were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Fifty-one patients with acute myocardial infarc­tion having fasting hyperglycaemia were enrolled as case group and another 51 patients with acute myocardial infarctions having fasting euglycaemia were enrolled as control group.

Results: Among the diabetic patients, acute left ventricular failure (ALVF) developed in 22 (68.8% ), arrhythmias in 5 (16.6%) and cardiovascular mortality in 8 (25.0% ) patients ; it was 7 (36.8%), 4 (21.1 %) and 4 (21.1 %) respectively in IFG patients; and 7 (13.7%) ,4 (7.8%) and 2 (3.9%) respec­tively in euglycaemia patients. Acute left ventricular failme and 30 days CV mortality significantly differed among the groups (p<0.001 and p=0.015 respectively). But no significant difference in arrhythmias (p=-0.284).

Conclusions: The patients of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and diabetes mellitus both were predictor for in hospital heart failure (ALVF) and 30-day cardiovascular mortality as compared to euglycaemia.