Sonographic biometry of apparently normal parotid gland among adults in Asaba, South-South Nigeria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3329/bsmmuj.v17i2.71436Keywords:
parotid gland, ultrasound, biometry, dimensions, reference range, normal range, NigeriaAbstract
Background: Detecting subtle changes in the parotid gland size can be difficult when there are no established reference values in a specific area. This can affect patient management and delay early detection of diseases. Therefore, the objective of this study was to describe the size of the parotid gland of adult Nigerian people.
Methods: This cross-sectional study included apparently healthy adults. The parotid glands were scanned in various sections using a 7.5 MHz probe after applying ultrasound gel. Each dimension was measured twice, and the mean value was calculat-ed. The 95% reference rages (mean ± 1.96 standard deviation) were described for various dimensions of the parotid glands.
Results: Four hundred healthy adults participated in the survey. Their mean (standard deviation) age was 38.6 (14.6) years. The mean (95% reference range) of both parotid lengths was 4.7 (4.1 – 5.3) cm. The right and left parotid transverse sizes were 3.8 (3.4 – 4.2) and 3.7 (2.9 – 4.5) respectively. The right and left parotid depths lateral to the mandible were 0.8 (0.4 – 1.2) and 0.9 (0.3 – 1.5), parotid depths dorsal to the mandible were 2.3 (1.7 – 2.9) and 2.2 (1.8 – 2.6), and parotid volume were 20.3 (13.3 – 27.1) and 19.8 (14.3 – 25.3) cm3. No significant difference was seen between the right and left parotid glands in men and women.
Conclusion: This study delineates the mean and reference range values of parotid glands among healthy adults of Nigeria which can be used for clinical decision making.
Downloads
223
245 Review report
24
References
Park HJ, Hong SO, Kim HM, Oh W, Kim HJ. Positional deformation of the parotid gland: Application to minimally invasive procedures. Clin Anat. 2022 Nov;35(8):1147-1151. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.23941.
Bae H, Kim J, Seo KK, Hu KS, Kim ST, Kim HJ. Comparison between Conventional Blind Injections and UltrasoundGuided Injections of Botulinum Toxin Type A into the Masseter: A Clinical Trial. Toxins (Basel). 2020 Sep 11;12 (9):588. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins12090588.
Kessler AT, Bhatt AA. Review of the Major and Minor Salivary Glands, Part 1: Anatomy, Infectious, and Inflammatory Processes. J Clin Imaging Sci. 2018 Nov 15;8:47. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/jcis.JCIS_45_18.
Borle RM, Jadhav A, Bhola N, Hingnikar P, Gaikwad P. Borle's triangle: A reliable anatomical landmark for ease of identification of facial nerve trunk during parotidectomy. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res. 2019 Jan-Mar;9(1):33-36. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobcr.2018.08.004.
Howlett DC. High resolution ultrasound assessment of the parotid gland. Br J Radiol. 2003 Apr;76(904):271-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1259/bjr/33081866.
Salaffi F, Carotti M, Argalia G, Salera D, Giuseppetti GM, Grassi W. Utilità dell'ecografia e del color Doppler nella diagnosi delle malattie delle ghiandole salivari maggiori [Usefulness of ultrasonography and color Doppler sonography in the diagnosis of major salivary gland diseases]. Reumatismo. 2006 Apr-Jun;58(2):138-56. Italian. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4081/reumatismo.2006.138.
Ugga L, Ravanelli M, Pallottino AA, Farina D, Maroldi R. Diagnostic work-up in obstructive and inflammatory salivary gland disorders. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital. 2017 Apr;37 (2):83-93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14639/0392-100X-1597.
Catalano O, Varelli C, Sbordone C, Corvino A, De Rosa D, Vallone G, Wortsman X. A bump: what to do next? Ultrasound imaging of superficial soft-tissue palpable lesions. J Ultrasound. 2020 Sep;23(3):287-300. DOI: https:// doi.org/10.1007/s40477-019-00415-z.
Chow LQM. Head and neck cancer. New England Journal of Medicine 2020; 382(1):60–72. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/ NEJMra1715715.
Białek EJ, Jakubowski W. Mistakes in ultrasound examination of salivary glands. J Ultrason. 2016 Jun;16 (65):191-203. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15557/JoU.2016.0020.
Baldini C, Luciano N, Tarantini G, Pascale R, Sernissi F, Mosca M, Caramella D, Bombardieri S. Salivary gland ultrasonography: a highly specific tool for the early diagnosis of primary Sjögren's syndrome. Arthritis Res Ther. 2015 May 28;17(1):146. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13075-015-06577.
Gomes PD, Juodzbalys G, Fernandes MH, Guobis Z. Diagnostic Approaches to Sjögren's Syndrome: A Literature Review and Own Clinical Experience. J Oral Maxillofac Res 2012;3(1): e3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5037/jomr.2012.3103.
Fox RI. Sjögren's syndrome. Lancet. 2005 Jul 23-29;366 (9482):321-31. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66990-5.
Baldini C, Talarico R, Tzioufas AG, Bombardieri S. Classification criteria for Sjogren's syndrome: a critical review. J Autoimmun. 2012 Aug;39(1-2):9-14. DOI: https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.jaut.2011.12.006.
Bland, M. An Introduction to Medical Statistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2015; 229-230 .
Amir HM, Gareeballah SA, Abdelrahim MA, Mohammed EM, Elnour H, Ali YR. Measurement of Parotid Gland Volume in A symptomatic Adult Sudanese Population using Ultrasonography. Sch J App Med Sci. DOI: https:// doi.org/10.36347/sjams.2020.v08i05.005.
Tower JI, Sawan T, Gordon NA, Paskhover B. The Aging Parotid Gland: A Longitudinal Volumetric Study and Implications for Treatment. Aesthet Surg J. 2021 Mar 12;41 (4):408-414. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/asj/sjaa361.
Dost P. Ultrasonographic biometry in normal salivary glands. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 1997;254 Suppl 1: S18-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02439713.
Medbery R, Yousem DM, Needham MF, Kligerman MM. Variation in parotid gland size, configuration, and anatomic relations. Radiother Oncol. 2000 Jan;54(1):87-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8140(99)00150-4.
Li W, Sun ZP, Liu XJ, Yu GY. [Volume measurements of human parotid and submandibular glands]. Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2014 18;46(2):288-93. Chinese. PMID: 24743823.
Inoue H, Ono K, Masuda W, Morimoto Y, Tanaka T, Yokota M, Inenaga K. Gender difference in unstimulated whole saliva flow rate and salivary gland sizes. Arch Oral Biol. 2006 Dec;51 (12):1055-60. DOI: j.archoralbio.2006.06.010. https://doi.org/10.1016/
Bozzato A, Burger P, Zenk J, Uter W, Iro H. Salivary gland biometry in female patients with eating disorders. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2008 Sep;265(9):1095-102. DOI: https:// doi.org/10.1007/s00405-008-0598-8.
Brzoska T, Ittermann T, Ihler F, Koch C, Blaurock M, Bülow R, Völzke H, Busch CJ, Beule AG. Population Based Average Parotid Gland Volume and Prevalence of Incidental Tumors in T1-MRI. Healthcare (Basel). 2022 Nov 18;10(11):2310. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10112310.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Ugwu Stephen Mbonuejike, Chiegwu Hyacienth Uche, Nwodo Victor Kelechi, Omojola Akintayo Daniel
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.